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A Study on India Nāsik Cave Temple
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인도 나식(Nāsik) 석굴사원(石窟寺院) 시론

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
인도철학회 인도철학 인도철학 제49호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2017.1
Pages
347 - 400 (54page)

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A Study on India Nāsik Cave Temple
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This study is a rudimentary exploration of Nāsik cave temple, which is regarded as an important part of academia as an 'early cave temple' in India, and aims to examine its characteristics of establishment period and build style and clarify its significance in the art history. There are about 1,200 cave temples in India, of which 75% are Buddhist caves. Buddhism was first introduced to West India in Ashoka dynasty in the third century B.C. Since then, the Deccan region in the middle of the west India has played an important role as an ancient trade route, and thousands of temples and pagodas have been built with the support of various social classes. Among them, the famous Nāsik cave temple is a large-scale Buddhist cave consisting of 23 groups (or 24 groups), and according to the excavation period, they are classified in ‘caves of the preceding period’ in the 1st century B.C. or A.C. and ‘caves of the latter period’ in the 7th century A.C. During this period, there was a change from Hinayana Buddhism (小乘佛敎) to Mahayanist Buddhism (大乘佛敎). In other words, this is a major stepping stone to look back on the transition from Theravada Buddhism architecture style to the Mahayana Buddhist architecture style. The cave temples that remain at the present time are a mixture of extra large caves, simple and small caves, and incomplete caves which were belatedly built inside the temple. Especially in the latter days, the worship destination limited to Nāsik 18 cave Caitya was also replaced by Buddha statues and expressed in Vihāra, which was used as the residential area for monks. This shows that the use of Vihāra is not the monks' residential area but the role of the sanctuary, which is the biggest change compared to the preceding caves. The Nāsik cave temple is rich in architectural forms and works of art, as well as the dedication and documentation records, which provide important clues to verify the social history, economic history, political history, art history, and spiritual culture of the time. Also, through this, it is possible to explore the origin styles of the world-famous caves such as Ajanta, Ellora, Bhaja, Aurangābād, Bedsa, Pitalkhora, Karli, Junnār and Kanherī, etc. In sum, the religious and architectural cultures of India have been developed with diversity under the influence of intermixture and combination between heterogeneous cultures in the course of historical change, and in the meantime there is a distinctive characteristic that they maintain the unity of India.

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