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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
박구병 (아주대학교)
저널정보
한국라틴아메리카학회 라틴아메리카연구 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.31 No.4
발행연도
2018.11
수록면
19 - 44 (26page)

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초록· 키워드

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Guatemala, in Central America, was a prominent example of a counterinsurgency state that culminated in a terrible genocide carried out against indigenous villages by the military dictatorship in the early 1980s. Although the signing of peace accords in December 1996 marked a dramatic transition from war to peace in the region, it turned out to be only a step toward a negative peace, in other words, toward the absence of armed violence. Guatemala seemed to have a long way to go toward a positive peace such as that required for a fairer society, one that is free from want, and poised for the achievement of an appropriate public order and development.
It should be noted that civil society organizations in Guatemala represented by the Civil Society Assembly (ASC) played a crucial role in defining the priorities of the peace process and mediating between the Guatemalan government and the guerrilla groups. After the signing of the peace accords, the Guatemalan Truth Commission (CEH) tried to clarify the root causes of the prolonged civil war and how they had functioned, in order to present recommendations for building a firm and lasting peace. The recommendations included the reduction of poverty, reduction of socioeconomic inequality, eliminating discrimination against the indigenous population, and eradicating impunity.
Furthermore, there are decisive structural changes needed for establishing a lasting peace in Guatemala including the establishment of an integral strategy for public safety based on the progressive demilitarization of the society, the strengthening of processes and institutions for participatory democracy, the equitable redistribution of land and resources, and the building of a multiethnic and intercultural society through adequate recognition of the rights of the indigenous. It is also worthy of note that actors and institutions at the local and grassroots levels are indispensable in implementing peace agreements and carrying out integral human development.

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ABSTRACT
1990년대 중앙아메리카 : 내전에서 평화로
장기 내전의 전개와 1980년대 초의 제노사이드
전쟁 종식을 위한 국제적인 압력과 요청 : 콘타도라 제안과 에스키풀라스 평화안
과테말라 평화협정의 주요 쟁점
평화 정착의 조건과 평화협정 이행의 지체
나가며 : 평화 정착을 위한 구조적 변화의 과제
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