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The French Ministry of Culture and Communication has provided, in partnership with local authorities, the implementation of a heritage development policy and awareness architecture since 1985. This policy is embodied through the label the "City or Country of Art and history" which has been awarded since the inception of this program.
The label "City or Country of Art and History," presented at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), describes the territories, towns or groups of towns, which are aware of the challenges that represents ownership of their architecture and heritage by their inhabitants, engage in an active process of knowledge gathering, conservation, mediation and support of architectural quality and living environment. The term heritage must be understood in its broadest sense, since it covers both the entire architectural heritage of the city as the natural, industrial, marine, and the memories of the inhabitants. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate this approach in all elements that contribute to the identity of a city or a country with a rich past and a strong dynamism.
The approach includes in particular:
- The prior knowledge gained through studies of territories,
- The existence of a protected area or a protection zone of architectural, urban and landscape (ZPPAUP), if applicable,
- Protection of historical monuments, archeology and ethnology operations,
- The application of the law of 29/12/1979 on advertising, signs and signposting,
- Heritage restoration policy and initiatives for the quality and creation of architecture, urban and landscape,
- The balance of urban policy conducted by the local authority (architectural competition, urban, public order, development of public space, the city entrances, etc.)
- The awareness and optimization activities carried out by local authorities.
This project is based on a transverse arrangement to action planning to better support decision makers and public officials, but also for all the local actors involved in the promotion of heritage and the development of the living environment.
The policy of Towns and Regions of art and history in fact concerns many areas of expertise such as cultural activities, educational, housing, urban development and technical services, sustainable development, tourism, etc. Also, the objectives of the Convention as they fit the "art and history" project in a global project of territory.