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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
인천대학교 인천학연구원 인천학연구 인천학연구 제8권
발행연도
2008.2
수록면
61 - 92 (32page)

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King Taejo pushed forward to transfer the capital immediately after he became king. After several turns and twists, he decided Hanyang as a new capital and resolutely carried out his plan in October 1394. For many years from the transfer, he established various facilities necessary for the operation of the nation such as palaces, castle and government buildings, and repaired main roads by mobilizing large number of people from all over the country. In addition, he created Hanseongbu, an organization in charge of capital administration, and distributed house sites to officials according to governmental grade, which resulted in an increase in construction of houses. Danmyo was also established as part of capital construction during King Taejo. In Hanyang, a new capital, Jongmyo was constructed in Yeonhwabang of Dongbu while Sajikdan was constructed in Indalbang of Seobu as per the principle Jwamyowusa with which the ancestral shrine is located on the left and the earth gods' shrine is located on the right. Munmyo was built in the north of the capital while royal family's shrines such as Gyeseongjeon and Inanjeon were established in the Heungcheonsa area opposite Yukjogeori (Yukjo-road) in front of Gyeongbokgung Palace. In Namgyo outside of the castle, Wondan (an altar for the God) and Sancheondan (an altar for mountains and rivers) were established. Like this, Danmyo established inside and outside the castle formed an axis of the city landscape of Hanyang together with palaces, castle and governmental buildings. Sajikdan in Indalbang on the west was constructed by reducing the scale compared to Sajikdan during the Goryeo Dynasty. This phenomenon appeared by pursuing the scale of Sajikdan corresponding to the system of an emperor's nation like Jongmyo. On the other hand, Wondan was established in Namgyo in the same size as Hwangudan of Goryeo although it doesn't accord with the system of an emperor's nation. Because Jecheonrye began long time ago in our history and it is closely related with agriculture, Gigok and Wusa were performed at Wondan even though they recognized it was Chamrye (ceremony beyond their actual status). In addition to Sajikdan and Wondan, Sancheondan that succeeded the operational method of the end of the Goryeo Dynasty and the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty was established and operated in Namgyo. Jongmyo built in Dongdangisil (several rooms in one building) has seven rooms for Taesils (stone box for the placenta and the umbilical cord) and its inside was divided into five Seoksils (stone rooms) in order to meet the system of an emperor's nation and two Ilsils (wing rooms) on both sides. In the newly established Jongmyo, spirit tables of four-generation ancestors were enshrined and the king held memorial services for his own ancestors, therefore, Jongmyo became a key facility of memorial services representing both the royal family and the nation. Munmyo and Taehak locating under Eungbong in the northeast of the capital were constructed in the form of Jeonmyohuhak (shrine in front and school at the back). In Munmyo, a large sacred shrine was constructed to hold ceremonies for saints while Dongmu and Seomu were constructed in order to enshrine Jonghyangwui. Also the main gate was established in the front and the territory was marked by piling up stones. Besides, shrines for the royal family such as Gyeseongjeon, Inanjeon, Insojeon, etc. were mainly established outside the palace during King Taejo period. The operation of Danmyoje during King Taejo presents different aspects from that of the Goryeo Dynasty by enshrining four kings who were promoted as kings later, on the contrary, Munmyo operated focusing on Seokjeonje and Sancheondan for holding memorial services to Pungwunnuiwu (wind, cloud, thunder and rain), Sancheon (mountain and river) and Seongwhang are similar to those of the end of the Goryeo Dynasty. Ceremonies at Sajikdan and Wondan were generally similar to those of the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, Wondan omitted Taejo from the subjects to be served differently from the Goryeo Dynasty. However, Wondanje conducted during King Taejong after King Taejo died also excluded Taejo, which demonstrates that exclusion of Taejo was not only because he was alive. Characteristics of operation of Danmyoje during King Taejo are; firstly, absence of government organization in charge of individual Danmyo; secondly, shrines of the royal family such as Gyeseongjeon and Inanjeon were located outside the palace in the castle; thirdly, the number of altars established were fewer than that of the Goryeo Dynasty. Moreover, the fact that memorial services were often performed in places where non-confucian figures were enshrined was also a remarkable thing in connection with the operation of Danmyoje during King Taejo. Problems in the operation of Danmyoje during King Taejo not only require certain amount of time to solve them, but also need reviewing of ceremonies and memorial services in earnest. After King Taejo, problems in the operation of Danmyoje during King Taejo were overcome as people fully recognized Hanyang as the capital and studies on ceremonies and memorial services were conducted in earnest, accordingly, the basic frame of the operation of Danmyoje at the first half of the Joseon Dynasty was prepared through King Taejong and King Sejong. From this viewpoint, the establishment and operation of Danmyo during King Taejo that have transitional characteristics connecting the end of the Goryeo Dynasty and period after King Taejong can be considered meaningful because they prepared physical foundation of Danmyo during the first half of the Joseon Dynasty and the foundation for its operational method.
#Danmyo #Gyeseongjeon #Inanjeon #Jongmyo #Munmyo #Sajikdan #Sancheondan #Wondan

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