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- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2011.6
- 수록면
- 49 - 72 (24page)
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This article explores the wage gap between mothers and non-mothers, which is called the motherhood wage penalty. Previous researches have focused on the loss of job experience due to motherhood as a key reason of the penalty. On the contrary, this paper focuses on discrimination against motherhood. Using data from the 1982-2006 National Longitudinal Study of Youth with residual analysis, I find that women are experiencing 2% of motherhood wage discrimination per child. It is roughly one-third of the gross motherhood wage penalty. I also find that sizes of the discrimination are different by the location in the occupational hierarchy. Managers/professionals are not suffering from wage discrimination.
Whereas, manual workers are suffering from the discrimination, 3% per child. The 69% of the wage gap persists after controlling for productivity measures. Even among laborers and service workers, their penalties are 6% per child and more than 90% of wage gap is attributed to discriminatory factors.
It implies that motherhood discrimination persists in spite of the declined gender wage discrimination, especially mothers who does not have authorities nor skills. The discrimination may just be modified or happen at a different boundary, from women vs. men, to mothers vs. non-mothers.
Whereas, manual workers are suffering from the discrimination, 3% per child. The 69% of the wage gap persists after controlling for productivity measures. Even among laborers and service workers, their penalties are 6% per child and more than 90% of wage gap is attributed to discriminatory factors.
It implies that motherhood discrimination persists in spite of the declined gender wage discrimination, especially mothers who does not have authorities nor skills. The discrimination may just be modified or happen at a different boundary, from women vs. men, to mothers vs. non-mothers.
목차
INTRODUCTION
MOTHERHOOD WAGE DISCRIMINATION. WHY DOES IT MATTER?
A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ON THE LINKS BETWEEN MOTHERHOOD WAGE GAPS AND PRODUCTIVITY
DATA, MEASURES AND MODELS
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
참고문헌 (28)
참고문헌 신청
1. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Anderson, Deborah J / 2002 / The Motherhood Wage Penalty: Which Mothers Pay It and Why / The American Economic Review 92 : 354 ~ 358
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Anderson, Deborah J / 2003 / The Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited: Experience, Heterogeneity, Work Effort, and Work-Schedule Flexibility / Industrial and Labor Relations Review 56 : 273 ~ 294
3. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Becker, Gary. S / 1985 / Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor / Journal of Labor Economics 3 : 33 ~ 58
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Blau, Francine D / 2000 / Gender Differences in Pay / Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 : 75 ~ 99
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Budig, Michelle J / 2001 / The Wage Penalty for Motherhood / American Sociological Review 66 : 204 ~ 225
2. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Anderson, Deborah J / 2003 / The Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited: Experience, Heterogeneity, Work Effort, and Work-Schedule Flexibility / Industrial and Labor Relations Review 56 : 273 ~ 294
3. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Becker, Gary. S / 1985 / Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor / Journal of Labor Economics 3 : 33 ~ 58
4. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Blau, Francine D / 2000 / Gender Differences in Pay / Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 : 75 ~ 99
5. [학술지(정기간행물)] - Budig, Michelle J / 2001 / The Wage Penalty for Motherhood / American Sociological Review 66 : 204 ~ 225
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2013-331-000412310