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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 외국문학연구 외국문학연구 제13호
발행연도
2003.2
수록면
107 - 125 (19page)

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Shakespeare's The Tempest has been one of the most important texts used to establish a paradigm for post-colonial readings. These readings are still being done in terms of cultural and political situations in the post-colonial countries, especially in the Caribbean and north African countries. When we come to these, re-readings, re-readings and appropriations of the canonical work, Caliban is quite naturally foregrounded onto the hot field of cntical debates and interpretations. What is Caliban, and who is Caliban? He is no longer just a mere character, but rather a metaphor, or a commonplace of colonial subjection and translation out of indigenous culture and history. He is the very embodiment of the Europeans' black fantasies about the Wild Man. Propero, the usurper of Caliban's island by inheritance from his mother, needs Caliban to mediate and realize his absolute power. And he teaches his language to Caliban to make himself better understood. Through language, Pro spero tries to control Caliban's present and to limit his future. Pro spero is not only a tyrannical and torturing colonizer, but also he is such a convincing and ample historian manipulating and re-writing the cultural memories of the colonized natives. His key strategy is to eradicate Caliban's whole history and make him a silent subaltern who cannot speak because he has neither history nor cultural memory. However, quite contrary to Prospero's intention, his language provides Caliban With the ability to construct his own reality and to make his subversive and heterogeneous voice heard in spite of the master's univocal and monolithic language. Caliban becomes bilingual. His gabbling is more than a meaningless nonsense since it is a sediment into which his exploited memories are settled down. And that voice of his transforms Prospero into his acknowledgment that his monster slave is none other than a part of his own. The Tempest is a preemptive play in the sense that the minority discourse, such as Caliban's and Ariel's, manages to fight its way into the histories of the post-colonial world, despite the bellicose imperialistic strategies to erase out the traces of the natives' cultural and historical memories. The play can be viewed as an astute deflation of the strategies of political authority.

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