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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
김문희 (창원대학교)
저널정보
효원사학회 역사와 세계 역사와 세계 제36집
발행연도
2009.12
수록면
99 - 131 (33page)

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This paper is based on following hypothesis. That is, if you want to act facing each other, you have to do interaction. He Xiang-ning, a loving mother of overseas chinese, could not act toward overseas chinese by herself but they had interacted each other for a long time and she could not stand without support from them.
In late 19 century, Ch’ing dynasty changed the policy toward overseas chinese from ‘abandoned people' to ‘modern citizen who have to be protected by government'. But because the overseas chinese had strong community of the same native place, the nationalism among them could not possible without ‘a tought nationalism' such as action of constitutionalist or revolutionist. They had changed from members of separated communities to chinese citizen and that is first background of nationalistic feeling evoked by the overseas chinese. Second, as a result of discrimination from American they had to arrange a countermove, the nationalism.
Sun Wen, one of the greatest chinese revolutionist, arouse nationalistic feeling to them and changed it to revolutional feeling. he who was educated in Hawaii had same hometown, Gwangtung, with chinese in hawaii. Second as he was one of the members of secret society of china, he could get help from secret society when he did action in America. Third, the chinese of south east china were good supporter for his revolutional activity. He Xiang-ning was one of his loyal follower. Therefore Sun Wen was the connection between her and overseas chinese.
He Xiang-ning’s activity toward overseas chinese was comprised three period, Sun Wen’s secretary period from 1905 to 1924, acting her own course period from 1927 to 1947 and chairwoman of overseas chinese affair committee period from 1949 to 1959.
In her first period, she was mere follower of Sun Wen and her activities toward overseas chinese were only secretary works such as writing to overseas chinese. Her workings allowed close connetion with overseas chinese in the future, for example, Liao Cung-Kai(廖仲愷), her husband, Chen Bi-Jun(陳璧君), old revolutional comrade, Liao Bing-jun(廖氷筠), her sister-in-law, and Hu Wen-hu(胡文虎), famous Singapore millionaire.
In her second period, He Xiang-ning parted from Kuomintang (chinese national party) after breaking of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation and started her own course of overseas chinese activities. In this period, her activities characterized by anti-Chang Kai-sek movement, a sort of nongovernmental organization activities and its originality.
In last her period, she became charging committee of overseas chinese affairs that was established in Peoples Republic of China. she protected rights and interest of chines in south-east china and appealed to them for investment to china. Another her activities were supporting to returning chinse, building schools for them, and making tons of speeches about overseas chinese matter. She was a kind of late bloomer and her activities as well and despite of an advanced ages, she took her job succesfuly.

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머리말
Ⅰ. 하향응(何香凝)과 화교(華僑)와의 연결고리-손문(孫文)
Ⅱ. 하향응의 對화교 활동
맺음말
【Abstract】

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