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초록· 키워드
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Ex-President Roh Muhyun passed away on 23rd May, 2009. When he became President in 2003, he was expected to implement progressive policies. However, he took neo-liberal stance, disappointing a large number of his supporters. With all his neo-liberal policy measures, he could not satisfy the conservatives. All his term was filled with conflicts with the established forces, and the conservative media did not neglect denouncing him. Why didn’t the established elite tolerate President Roh’s moderate policies? It is because President Roh launched a series of truth commissions to erect transitional justice.
The emergence of Roh as politician in 1988 was closely related to the erection of transitional justice. Roh, merely a freshman at the National Assembly, became a rising star through the Fifth Republic Hearings and the Kwangju Hearings. His nickname ‘Idiot Roh’ symbolized that he adhered to the gist of the Kwangju spirit even after he became a well-known politician. Throughout the campaign for the presidency in 2002, he emphasized the historical justice, by redressing the shameful and unjust past. When he became President, he was different from his predecessor Kim Daejung. While President Kim supported the erection of a memorial hall for Park Chung Hee, Roh prepared and started a series of investigation against human rights violations committed by Park’s men. The abortive impeachment attempt initiated by the established elite in 2004 verified the necessity of the clarifying the past injustice, and Roh declared the ‘erection of the comprehensive transitional justice’ on August 15, the 59th anniversary of the national liberation. President Roh initiated the organization of truth commissions in the National Intelligence Service(the former KCIA), in the Ministry of Defense, and the Police. In 2006, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established and started investigation activities.
It can be said that the erection of the transitional justice was the last thing that President Roh would concede to the conservatives. The unceasing conflicts with the conservatives were mainly originated from the issue. The timing of the sudden emergence of the ‘New Right’ group in autumn of 2004 coincided with the establishment of truth commissions in the NIS. Although Roh’s efforts of clarifying the past injustice could not be said to be successful, it undermined the alleged legitimacy of the established elites in Korea because their current dominant status owed a lot to their(or their parents’) collaboration with the Japanese imperialist rule, massacres before and during the Korean War, and human rights violations under the authoritative regimes.
In the presidential election of 2007, conservative candidate Lee Myungbak won. As soon as Lee took his office, Truth commissions lost the vitality. Lee’s conservative government started a series of attack on the high school history text books that included explanation of historical events that the conservatives would not want to be taught. Although there remains nothing that we could expect for the government truth commissions to do something, the civil society should refresh its efforts to redress the past injustice and help the rehabilitation of the victims because, due to the efforts of Roh administration, the Republic of Korea and its citizens now that what the victims had appealed with tears were true.
The emergence of Roh as politician in 1988 was closely related to the erection of transitional justice. Roh, merely a freshman at the National Assembly, became a rising star through the Fifth Republic Hearings and the Kwangju Hearings. His nickname ‘Idiot Roh’ symbolized that he adhered to the gist of the Kwangju spirit even after he became a well-known politician. Throughout the campaign for the presidency in 2002, he emphasized the historical justice, by redressing the shameful and unjust past. When he became President, he was different from his predecessor Kim Daejung. While President Kim supported the erection of a memorial hall for Park Chung Hee, Roh prepared and started a series of investigation against human rights violations committed by Park’s men. The abortive impeachment attempt initiated by the established elite in 2004 verified the necessity of the clarifying the past injustice, and Roh declared the ‘erection of the comprehensive transitional justice’ on August 15, the 59th anniversary of the national liberation. President Roh initiated the organization of truth commissions in the National Intelligence Service(the former KCIA), in the Ministry of Defense, and the Police. In 2006, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established and started investigation activities.
It can be said that the erection of the transitional justice was the last thing that President Roh would concede to the conservatives. The unceasing conflicts with the conservatives were mainly originated from the issue. The timing of the sudden emergence of the ‘New Right’ group in autumn of 2004 coincided with the establishment of truth commissions in the NIS. Although Roh’s efforts of clarifying the past injustice could not be said to be successful, it undermined the alleged legitimacy of the established elites in Korea because their current dominant status owed a lot to their(or their parents’) collaboration with the Japanese imperialist rule, massacres before and during the Korean War, and human rights violations under the authoritative regimes.
In the presidential election of 2007, conservative candidate Lee Myungbak won. As soon as Lee took his office, Truth commissions lost the vitality. Lee’s conservative government started a series of attack on the high school history text books that included explanation of historical events that the conservatives would not want to be taught. Although there remains nothing that we could expect for the government truth commissions to do something, the civil society should refresh its efforts to redress the past injustice and help the rehabilitation of the victims because, due to the efforts of Roh administration, the Republic of Korea and its citizens now that what the victims had appealed with tears were true.
목차
1. 머리말
2. 과거청산작업의 큰 흐름
3. 노무현과 과거청산
4. 과거청산과 노무현의 죽음
5. 노무현 정신의 재발견과 시민사회의 과제
Abstract
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