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This research aims to investigate into the process of the political advancement of Won-jeong Yi and his philosophy and tribulations. Won-jeong Yi was born into a prominent family in Gyeongsang Province during the Joseon Dynasty period. His political career began when he was appointed to a government post under the auspices of his forefathers. After that, he safely passed a state examination to be a civil official and eventually served as the first highest royal minister after having taken many important government positions.
At first, his position was improved to the ninth highest government official due to the merits of Oen-yeong Yi who was his father-in-law. In 1652 when he was at the age of 31, he succeeded in the state examination. Then in 1670 (11th year of Hyeonjong), Yi became the deputy royal minister of law after having served in several government posts in the national civil academy. At that time, his son Dam-myeong Yi passed a special state examination for being a civil official, in which he played the role of an examiner. Subsequently, his political opponents made an appeal to the king with a view to punishing both the examinee and the examiner. At 1673 (King Hyeonjong 14), he was promoted to the chief royal secretary, against which his political opponents made several appeals to the king purporting that he was not appropriate for the position.
During the rule of King Sukjong when another his opponents called the Southerners Party were in power, Won-jeong Yi served as the chief royal layer, the chief royal secretary, the second highest royal minister and, finally in 1679 (King Sukjong 5), the first highest royal minister. Around this time, he was successful in proposing and effectuating the Rice Tribute Law in 1679 (King Sukjong 5) in Gyeongsang Province where he was born. The law was originally suggested by Won-ik Yi and put into practice in Gyeonggi Province in 1608 (1st year of Prince Gwang-hae).
In 1680 (King Sukjong 6), there broke out a political crisis in which his opponents party in power was changed from the Southerners Party to the Westerners Party. Immediately after the crisis, numerous members of the Southerners Party was oppressed and purged. The sacrifice of Won-jeong Yi was a result of a prolonged string of purge and imprisonment of such political figures as Gyeon Heo and Won-ro Jeong. Without any evident proof, Won-jeong Yi was tortured to death before Mok Heo and Hyu Yun were poisoned at the order of the king.
After his death, the position of Won-jeong Yi was repeatedly restored in 1689 (King Sukjong 15) or again deprived in 1694 (King Sukjong 20). After nearly 20 years, in 1712 when Se-won Yi his grandson presented a severe appeal to the king, who readily maintained his cause. Long after that, in 1871 (Kojong 8), an honorary name was specially conferred on him on account of his merits for the nation.
As mentioned in the above in connection with the case of Won-jeong Yi, purging a government official was developing in slow process over a long period of time during the rule of King Sukjong. In the process, various trickeries went on a rampage under the pretext of righteous enforcement of laws. Such an evil circle was importunately continuing till the party in power was driven to a close.
In the past, scholars generally and simply understood that Won-jeong Yi died along with Gyeon Heo who were killed in prison in the vortex of the political crisis taking place in 1680. However, a close investigation should reveal that the death of Won-jeong Yi started with the said political crisis and completed with the repeated political tribulations including two times of imprisonment of contemporary politicians during the rule of King Sukjong.
At first, his position was improved to the ninth highest government official due to the merits of Oen-yeong Yi who was his father-in-law. In 1652 when he was at the age of 31, he succeeded in the state examination. Then in 1670 (11th year of Hyeonjong), Yi became the deputy royal minister of law after having served in several government posts in the national civil academy. At that time, his son Dam-myeong Yi passed a special state examination for being a civil official, in which he played the role of an examiner. Subsequently, his political opponents made an appeal to the king with a view to punishing both the examinee and the examiner. At 1673 (King Hyeonjong 14), he was promoted to the chief royal secretary, against which his political opponents made several appeals to the king purporting that he was not appropriate for the position.
During the rule of King Sukjong when another his opponents called the Southerners Party were in power, Won-jeong Yi served as the chief royal layer, the chief royal secretary, the second highest royal minister and, finally in 1679 (King Sukjong 5), the first highest royal minister. Around this time, he was successful in proposing and effectuating the Rice Tribute Law in 1679 (King Sukjong 5) in Gyeongsang Province where he was born. The law was originally suggested by Won-ik Yi and put into practice in Gyeonggi Province in 1608 (1st year of Prince Gwang-hae).
In 1680 (King Sukjong 6), there broke out a political crisis in which his opponents party in power was changed from the Southerners Party to the Westerners Party. Immediately after the crisis, numerous members of the Southerners Party was oppressed and purged. The sacrifice of Won-jeong Yi was a result of a prolonged string of purge and imprisonment of such political figures as Gyeon Heo and Won-ro Jeong. Without any evident proof, Won-jeong Yi was tortured to death before Mok Heo and Hyu Yun were poisoned at the order of the king.
After his death, the position of Won-jeong Yi was repeatedly restored in 1689 (King Sukjong 15) or again deprived in 1694 (King Sukjong 20). After nearly 20 years, in 1712 when Se-won Yi his grandson presented a severe appeal to the king, who readily maintained his cause. Long after that, in 1871 (Kojong 8), an honorary name was specially conferred on him on account of his merits for the nation.
As mentioned in the above in connection with the case of Won-jeong Yi, purging a government official was developing in slow process over a long period of time during the rule of King Sukjong. In the process, various trickeries went on a rampage under the pretext of righteous enforcement of laws. Such an evil circle was importunately continuing till the party in power was driven to a close.
In the past, scholars generally and simply understood that Won-jeong Yi died along with Gyeon Heo who were killed in prison in the vortex of the political crisis taking place in 1680. However, a close investigation should reveal that the death of Won-jeong Yi started with the said political crisis and completed with the repeated political tribulations including two times of imprisonment of contemporary politicians during the rule of King Sukjong.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 관직진출과 정치적 역경
Ⅲ. 경신환국과 신원운동
Ⅳ. 맺음말
〈부록〉 李元禎연보
〈Abstract〉
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