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초록· 키워드
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Although Koryo had unified the later Three Kingdoms, it initially faced the problem of fully incorporating the people of Silla and the Later Paekche. Moreover, many generals and local strongmen of Koryo were engaged in power struggles against each other, and there was a clear sign of future struggles to succeed to the throne after the death of King Taejo. In addition, the Khitans, who had just destroyed the state of Parhae, posed a formidable threat in the north.
Taejo's solution to all these problems was to trigger a war by killing the camels presented by the Khitans. The king tried to use the pretext of taking revenge on behalf of Parhae, with which Koryo supposedly had maintained marriage ties. Koryo tried to form an alliance with the Later Chin against the Khitans, but military expeditions could not be launched because of passive responses from the Later Chin. The Koryo court then banished the Khitan envoys and let the Khitan gift of camels to starve to death under a bridge in the capital city. However, as the Khitans were preparing to wage a decisive battle with the Later Chin. they did not retaliate against Koryo for this provocation. Consequently, Taejo's plan to initiate a war against the Khitans did not materialize.
King Taejo's attempt to formulate a unified Koryo ideology can be seen in his Ten Injunctions (Hunyo Sipcho). There was a special emphasis on Buddhism and the northern expansion policy. Taejo tried to use the Buddhist ideology and monastic institutions to unify the people who had been divided for more than forty years, and to check the power of the local strongmen. He declared that Koryo was a successor to Koguryo and openly welcomed Parhae refugees and even bestowed the royal surname of Wang to the Parhae crown prince. He designated Pyongyang as Koryos Western capital (Sogyong) and publicly proclaimed his desire to recover the ancient territories of Koguryo. Thus, Taejo emphasized that he had unified the legacies of all Three Kingdoms, and that the people of Koryo were one nation physically and spiritually.
However, the capital of Koryo was still Kaegyong, and it does not appear that Taeio intended to let Kaegyong, his original power base, be superseded by the Western Capital. Taejo had appointed his cousin Wang Singnyom as the regent (yusu) of the Western Capital in order to check the power of local strongmen such as Yu Kompil and Pak Sugyong who were based in the region.
By the time of King Songjong, about forty years after the death of King Taejo, it appears that the northern expansion policy had lost its momentum and the main state policy objective was maintenance of the status quo. We find no real desire for expanding northward in the memorial submitted by Choe Sungno, the most important scholar-official of the time. Later in the early 12th century, Koryo would conquer but quickly return to the Jurchens the nine ports in its northeastern border. This suggests that Koryo's objective Was subjugation of the Jurchens, and there was little aspiration to recover the former territory of Koguryo.
In the end, the northern expansion policy of King Taejo did not generate his intended result, and his attempted use of the policy to check the internal political disturbances also failed. However, the kings effort to unify the country ideologically around the state of Koryo was successful, as Koryo became a unified state. He had unified the country physically through his many battles, and his efforts led to the construction of consciousness that all people were of one state and one nation. This consciousness was the driving force that kept Korea unified throughout history until the modern period.
Taejo's solution to all these problems was to trigger a war by killing the camels presented by the Khitans. The king tried to use the pretext of taking revenge on behalf of Parhae, with which Koryo supposedly had maintained marriage ties. Koryo tried to form an alliance with the Later Chin against the Khitans, but military expeditions could not be launched because of passive responses from the Later Chin. The Koryo court then banished the Khitan envoys and let the Khitan gift of camels to starve to death under a bridge in the capital city. However, as the Khitans were preparing to wage a decisive battle with the Later Chin. they did not retaliate against Koryo for this provocation. Consequently, Taejo's plan to initiate a war against the Khitans did not materialize.
King Taejo's attempt to formulate a unified Koryo ideology can be seen in his Ten Injunctions (Hunyo Sipcho). There was a special emphasis on Buddhism and the northern expansion policy. Taejo tried to use the Buddhist ideology and monastic institutions to unify the people who had been divided for more than forty years, and to check the power of the local strongmen. He declared that Koryo was a successor to Koguryo and openly welcomed Parhae refugees and even bestowed the royal surname of Wang to the Parhae crown prince. He designated Pyongyang as Koryos Western capital (Sogyong) and publicly proclaimed his desire to recover the ancient territories of Koguryo. Thus, Taejo emphasized that he had unified the legacies of all Three Kingdoms, and that the people of Koryo were one nation physically and spiritually.
However, the capital of Koryo was still Kaegyong, and it does not appear that Taeio intended to let Kaegyong, his original power base, be superseded by the Western Capital. Taejo had appointed his cousin Wang Singnyom as the regent (yusu) of the Western Capital in order to check the power of local strongmen such as Yu Kompil and Pak Sugyong who were based in the region.
By the time of King Songjong, about forty years after the death of King Taejo, it appears that the northern expansion policy had lost its momentum and the main state policy objective was maintenance of the status quo. We find no real desire for expanding northward in the memorial submitted by Choe Sungno, the most important scholar-official of the time. Later in the early 12th century, Koryo would conquer but quickly return to the Jurchens the nine ports in its northeastern border. This suggests that Koryo's objective Was subjugation of the Jurchens, and there was little aspiration to recover the former territory of Koguryo.
In the end, the northern expansion policy of King Taejo did not generate his intended result, and his attempted use of the policy to check the internal political disturbances also failed. However, the kings effort to unify the country ideologically around the state of Koryo was successful, as Koryo became a unified state. He had unified the country physically through his many battles, and his efforts led to the construction of consciousness that all people were of one state and one nation. This consciousness was the driving force that kept Korea unified throughout history until the modern period.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 태조대의 국내외 정세
Ⅲ. 고려 건국 이념의 형성과 〈訓要10條〉
Ⅳ. 최승로의 상소문에서 본 발해
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈ABSTRACT〉
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