This article examines the origin and characteristics of the French modem journalism in some ways. Firstly, the French journalism has developed independently through the genre of literature and politics that had kept in the French press. Secondly, along with the industrialization of the press promoted from the period of the Second Empire, the French journalism based on the journals of opinion was transformed into the that of information at readers's request, and the group of professional journalists was formed as well. Generally put it in these ways, because politicians were just journalists, the French press had been used by politicians as their instrument of propaganda, and then, Journalist's article always had an emphasis on supporting specific interest whose political groups. However, the political inclination of the French press made a journal of opinion rather than a that of information. On the other hand, a literary disposition of French journalism increased the number of readers and served journalists to form various styles of articles. Even if the number of journalists began to increase rapidly, those people who entered into journalism coming from various classes gave rise to many side effects. Then, under the necessity from self-cleaning on journalists themselves, the association of journalists was founded. As association movement was developed, professional journalists had achieved the independence on its field, which came to be appeared as the form of French style-modem journalism, and this association began to control qualification of journalists. When the Dreyfus affair broke out, the professional morality, public sense of responsibility, and professional autonomy of journalist, all of which had kept in the traditional journalism of France, had been displayed in its fullness. Therefore, one may say that the Dreyfus affair was a watershed of the French journalism. Finally, as the Dreyfus affair brought journalists to a great risk of political debate at the first time, the French press got to be de-politicized. And then French press was free from political and economic repressions and moved to reinforcement of autonomy and professional independence. On the basis of these historical backgrounds, the French modem journalism came to be born.
Cet article vise a examiner l'origine et les caracteres du journalisme moderne en France. Le Journalisme en France a ete developpe grace aux genres litteraires et politiques. L'industrialisation du presse qui a ete promue a partir du Second Empire apporte un accroissement du tirage et du nombre des journaux. Le journalisme dans cette periode a ete oriente vers un journal de l'information avec la demande des lecteurs et, a finalement professionnalise les journalistes. En general, les hommes politiques et les lettres ont ete journalistes. C'est dans ces conditions que les journaux en France ont joue un role de propagande politique et, ont ete un passage vers le monde litteraire. Les articles des journalistes ont toujours insiste sur l'interet et les idees de la communaute politique. En raison d'une telle inclination, la presse en France a ete devenue le journal de l'opinion plutot que le journal de l'information. La disposition de rubrique litteraire a augmente a la fois le tirage et les lecteurs, et a contribue a former divers styles d'articles. Le nombre des journalistes a ete augmente rapidement. Mais diverses classes sociales des journalistes ont provoque beaucoup de problemes dans le monde de journalisme. Avec une necessite d'etablir un ordre dans la societe de journaliste, les associations de journaliste ont ete fondees a Paris. Cela veut dire un developpement du mouvement associatif des journalistes. On voit enfin l'independance du journalisme professionel. Tel le mouvement associatif a commence a controler la qualite de journaliste. Et on voit que cette tendance associative est allee jusqu'a deployer la morale professionelle, le sentiment de la responsabilite, la conscience critique et l'autonomie professionelle du journalisme au moment de l'affaire Dreyfus. C'est la raison pour laquelle l'affaire Dreyfus a ete un point de transformation du journalisme francais. Les journalistes ont ete convaincus du risque de debat politique. Par consequent, les journaux se sont depolitises. Depuis lors, le journalisme en France a ete echappe aux pressions politiques et economiques. Sur cette base, le journalisme moderne en France a ete invente.