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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국현대영미드라마학회 현대영미드라마 현대영미드라마 제10호
발행연도
1999.4
수록면
159 - 180 (22page)

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In October 1988, Timberlake Wetenbaker's The Love of the Nightingale was produced at Stratford-upon-Avon by the Royal Shakespeare Company. In Nightingale, Wetenbaker rewrites the Philomele story which appears in Ovid's The Metamorphoses. Wetenbaker also interpolates Euripides's Hippolytus as a play within a play. Those two stories contain illicit love affairs between families. The stories are characterized by patriarchal authority, male violence, female violence, and the search for an answer. The paper will discuss violence and shed a light on moral judgment elicited by the play's poignant story.
Throughout Nightingale, patriarchal authority wields power by breaking its own moral norms. Athenian King Pandion has Procne marry the Thracian hero Tereus as a reward for bringing peace to Athene. Procne obeys, and follows Tereus to a foreign, savage land thus being dispossessed of her language and country.
Following Ovid's story, Tereus comes back to Athene to fetch Philomele. In the meantime, Wetenbaker re-enacts a scene from Hippolytus in which Phaedra asserts her love for her stepson Hippolytus. Her love is depicted as the gods' will. First Tereus thinks the whole idea is vile, then Philomele's innocent youthful sentimentality leads Tereus to lose his moral judgment and to fall for philomele. He rapes his wife Procne's younger sister Philomele on their way to Thrace. The rape is an act of violence. Wetenbaker tries to say that , in general, men tend to be more violent than women, while representing Tereus as an example.
Wetenbaker acknowledges the importance of language in drama; she uses Philomele as an agent who can articulate her volition. She ridicules Tereus as a naked man who was full of dribbling lust. She further threatens him that she will publiciize his reality. Tereus silences her by cutting her tongue.
In Ovid's story, Philomele weaves the scene of rape with red thread in white background. However, in Nightingale, Philomelel re-enacts the rape scene with her life size dolls at Bacchic festivity. The disarticulation of silence-the dolls'performance--fulfills its aim. Philomele's shame and mortification are vented in a silent puppet performance. Tereus's violation of the human heart is unfolded to the Thracian public as well as Procne.
Wetenbaker deliberately asks the audience to ponder over female violence as well. When women own power, they turn out to be monsters like Mary Traverse in her other play The Grace of Mary Traverse. Procne and Philomele collaborate the murder of Tereus's son Itys. In Ovid's The Metamorphoses Procne fills Tereus's stomach with his son's flesh, providing Tereus with sterile materinity. However, in Nightingale Procne presents Itys's dead body to Tereus. Wetenbaker has Procne, Philomele, and Tereus metamorphose into a swallow, a nightingale, and a hoopoe.
Finally, although the nightingale, who has gained human voice, tries to make a revived Itys understand what has happened, while explaining to him she and Procne were all so angry the bloodshed would have gone on forever, Itys still questions his aunt Philomele, a nightingale, "What is right"? Then, the nightingale starts to sing.
Wetenbaker poses a question to the audience to probe into the deeper meaning of the play. Who has brought violence and murder in the world? The audience must make moral judgment over the violations that transpire throughout Nightingale.

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