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초록· 키워드
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The Tang civil service examination is not easy to understand just as a way to officialdom, because the candidates from provinces(xianggong) and literary degree (jinshike) became more and more important against the original intention of the government. This is why I scrutinize the tomb inscriptions of the Tang literati(shi) from the standpoint of applicants for examination.
The earlier Tang is characterized by the appearance of the inscriptions of the successful candidates only with the title of nominal office(sanguan). On the other side, there are some inscriptions with the title of "xianggongjinshi" emphasizing the application itself for literary degree as a local tribute in the later Tang. The period of Xuanzong is the turning point of this shift of applicants' main concern from the official posts to the passing of examination. This was also the time when the imbalance between the qualified officials with sanguan and the official posts with practical function (zhishiguan) resulted in heavy problem in the government. The regular examination in the board of rites(libushi) was made during this period, and it could be one of the methods to lessen the problem making the applicants' way to the officialdom more difficult and complicated. Instead of this, the court formally allowed the applicants respected as guests to the court by libushi. As a result, the literate got an authorized chance to obtain the official status(wei) of shi and regarded it as a qualifying examination to certify them different from the commoners. Though libushi made the applicants harder to get a substantial government office, but the shi used it as a good opportunity to be recognized officially as the ruling elite.
The earlier Tang is characterized by the appearance of the inscriptions of the successful candidates only with the title of nominal office(sanguan). On the other side, there are some inscriptions with the title of "xianggongjinshi" emphasizing the application itself for literary degree as a local tribute in the later Tang. The period of Xuanzong is the turning point of this shift of applicants' main concern from the official posts to the passing of examination. This was also the time when the imbalance between the qualified officials with sanguan and the official posts with practical function (zhishiguan) resulted in heavy problem in the government. The regular examination in the board of rites(libushi) was made during this period, and it could be one of the methods to lessen the problem making the applicants' way to the officialdom more difficult and complicated. Instead of this, the court formally allowed the applicants respected as guests to the court by libushi. As a result, the literate got an authorized chance to obtain the official status(wei) of shi and regarded it as a qualifying examination to certify them different from the commoners. Though libushi made the applicants harder to get a substantial government office, but the shi used it as a good opportunity to be recognized officially as the ruling elite.
목차
1. 머리말
2. 官人으로의 길?
3. 墓誌 속의 科擧 應試者들
4. 玄宗朝 禮部試 成立의 意義
5. 맺음말
Abstract
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