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초록· 키워드
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One of the questions still appealing to the students of European socialism before 1914 can be suggested as follows : In what way and manner were the socialists in parliament trying to represent the working class? In spite of their apparent hostility toward the bourgeois democracy, they recognized their task to materialize the class ideology through political activity, as the Second International declared. This was almost imposed because the politics itself had to be renovated and professionalized in response to the aspiration of masses in line with the establishment of the universal suffrage system. Severing the ties with traditional powers particularly economic one was desirable for the autonomy of politics. Under these pressure and hope, socialists were forced to work out their class ideology in the arena of politics.
The idea and activity of French socialist leader Jean Jaures (1859-1914) to working class might be an example on this. He was elected deputy of Chamber six times and one of the leading political figures of the Third French Republic. His firm belief on the parliamentarism and his keen class consciousness did not produce conflict. Apart from the activity of legislation, he was a faithful guardian during the workers’ strike. Amongst these strikes, his intervention was more direct and conspicuous in the three events ― the Carmaux miners strike in 1892, the Carmaux glassworkers strike in 1895 and 1910’s defeated Parisian railway men’s general strike. An analysis of his writings on daily newspapers as well as his discourse in Chamber debate allow us to see more clearly his representative method and principle. He attacked the patrons as responsible for the strikes, and criticized the justice and government for supporting the group of economic power. At the same time he defended workers’ right to strike and elevated the status of local movement to nationwide public sphere. It was not solely created by himself. The individual political culture infiltrated into the French skillful workers, overall political liberties which was institutionalized and animated by the Third Republic helped him to conduct it. It was basically possible owing to the small size as well as not-at-all dense population. However, his incessant observation, fighting spirit against the capitalism on the whole, logical defence of strikers armed with eloquent language could contribute to represent the working class in politics.
The idea and activity of French socialist leader Jean Jaures (1859-1914) to working class might be an example on this. He was elected deputy of Chamber six times and one of the leading political figures of the Third French Republic. His firm belief on the parliamentarism and his keen class consciousness did not produce conflict. Apart from the activity of legislation, he was a faithful guardian during the workers’ strike. Amongst these strikes, his intervention was more direct and conspicuous in the three events ― the Carmaux miners strike in 1892, the Carmaux glassworkers strike in 1895 and 1910’s defeated Parisian railway men’s general strike. An analysis of his writings on daily newspapers as well as his discourse in Chamber debate allow us to see more clearly his representative method and principle. He attacked the patrons as responsible for the strikes, and criticized the justice and government for supporting the group of economic power. At the same time he defended workers’ right to strike and elevated the status of local movement to nationwide public sphere. It was not solely created by himself. The individual political culture infiltrated into the French skillful workers, overall political liberties which was institutionalized and animated by the Third Republic helped him to conduct it. It was basically possible owing to the small size as well as not-at-all dense population. However, his incessant observation, fighting spirit against the capitalism on the whole, logical defence of strikers armed with eloquent language could contribute to represent the working class in politics.
목차
Ⅰ. 문제제기 : 프랑스 제3공화정의 계급과 정치
Ⅱ. 노동자 파업과 이념의 정치
Ⅲ. 파업에 대한 고용주 책임론
Ⅳ. 노동자 파업의 공론화
Ⅴ. 파업에 대한 정부 공격
Ⅵ. 계급을 대변하는 정치
불문 초록
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