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자료유형
학술대회자료
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한국식품영양과학회 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 한국식품영양과학회 International Symposium 제55차
발행연도
2004.11
수록면
65 - 70 (6page)

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Modulation of biotransformation enzymes is one mechanism by which a diet high in fruits and vegetables may influence cancer risk. Inhibition of cytochrome P450s (CYP) and concomitant induction of conjugating enzymes are hypothesized to reduce the impact of carcinogens in humans. Thus, exposure to types and amounts of phytochemicals may influence disease risk. Like other xenobiotics, many classes of phytochemicals are rapidly conjugated with glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate moieties and excreted in urine and bile. In humans, circulating phytochemical levels vary widely among individuals even in response to controlled dietary interventions. Polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes, such as the glutathione S-transferases (GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), and sulfotransferases (SULT), may contribute to the variability in phytochemical clearance and efficacy; polymorphic enzymes with lower enzyme activity prolong the half-lives of phytochemicals in vivo. Isothiocyanates (ITC) in cruciferous vegetables are catalyzed by the four major human GSTs; however reaction velocities of the enzymes differ greatly. In some observational studies of cancer, polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes that result in complete lack of GSTM1-1 and GSTT1-1 protein, respectively, confer greater protection from cruciferous vegetables in individuals with these genotypes. Similarly, we have shown in a controlled dietary trial that levels of GST-alpha-induced by ITC-are higher in GSTM1-null individuals exposed to cruciferous vegetables. The selectivity of glucuronosyl conjugation of flavonoids is dependent both on flavonoid structure as well as on the UGT isozyme involved in its conjugation. The effects of UGT polymorphisms on flavonoid clearance have not been examined; but polymorphisms affect glucuronidation of several drugs. Given the strong interest in the chemopreventive effects of flavonoids, systematic evaluation of these polymorphic UGTs and flavonoid pharmacokinetics are warranted. Overall, these studies suggest that for phytochemicals that are metabolized by, and affect activity of, biotransformation enzymes, interactions between genetic polymorphisms in the enzymes and intake of the compounds should be considered in studies of cancer risk. Genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes may account in part for individual variation in metabolism of a wide range of phytochemicals and their ultimate impact on health.

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ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Cytochrome P - 450s

Glutathione S - transferases

UDP - glucuronosyltransferases

Sulfotransferases

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-511-018071611