지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
이용수16
ABSTRACT iCONTENTS vLIST OF TABLES xLIST OF FIGURES xiABBREVIATIONS xiiiI. General Introduction 1II. Literature Review 52.1. Stress and its Causes 62.1.1. How Does Stress Contribute to the Development of Anxiety? 92.1.2. The Impact of Prolonged Stress and Anxiety Disorder on Health 122.1.3. How does Stress Contribute to the Development of Depression? 142.1.4. The Interplay Between Stress, Cognitive Function, and Learning 162.2. A Comprehensive Overview of the Microbiome 182.3. The Interplay Between Stress and the Microbiota 202.3.1. The Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Stress Circuitry 212.3.2. Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety-like Behaviour 222.3.3. Role of Gut Microbiota in Cognitive Impairment 232.4. Psychobiotics: A Promising Class of Psychotropic 242.4.1. Effect of Psychobiotics on Stress-related Disorders & Cognitive Process 252.5. Unlocking the Impact of Neuroactive Compounds 262.5.1. Impact of GABA & GABAergic Signaling 272.5.2. Impact of Serotonin & Serotonergic Signaling 282.5.3. Impact of Food-derived Bioactive Peptides 292.6. Role of Vagus Nerve in Neuromodulation 302.7. Mental Health Benefits of Foods Fermented with Psychobiotics 31III. Screening and Characterization of Different Brown Rice Varieties using in vitro and UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS Approaches 343.1. Abstract 353.2. Introduction 363.3. Materials and Methods 373.3.1. Brown Rice Samples 373.3.2. Chemical and Cultures 393.3.3. Preparation of Rice Samples Ethanoic Extracts 403.3.4. Quantification of the Total Anthocyanin Content (TAC) 403.3.5. Measurement of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) 403.3.6. Measurement of Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) 403.3.7. Estimation of Antioxidant Potential of Various Rice Varieties 413.3.7.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity 413.3.7.2. Assessment of ABTS Radical Scavenging Activity 413.3.7.3. Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) 413.3.8. HPLC-FLD-MS/MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for Identification and Quantification of Amino Acid and Phenolic Compounds in Rice Samples 423.3.8.1. HPLC-FLD-MS/MS Identification of Amino Acid 423.3.8.2. UHPLC Q-TOF-MS/MS Identification of Phenolic Compounds 423.3.9. Statistical Analysis 433.4. Results and Discussion 433.4.1. TPC, TFC, and TAC of Different Nine Rice Varieties 433.4.2. Antioxidant Analysis (DPPH, ABTS, & FRAP) 463.4.3. HPLC-FLD-MS/MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Identification and Quantification of Amino Acid and Phenolic Compounds in Nine Different Brown Rice Samples 493.4.3.1. Amino Acid Detection in Nine Different Brown Rice Varieties 493.4.3.2. Phenolic Compounds Identification in Nine Different Rice Varieties 523.5. Conclusion 55IV. Development of Antioxidative and Stress Reducing Fermented Brown Rice: Screening & Selection of Potential LAB through in vitro & Whole Genome Analysis 564.1. Abstract 574.2. Introduction 584.3. Materials and Methods 614.3.1. Rice Samples 614.3.2. Chemicals 614.3.3. Brown Rice Fermentation 614.3.4. Preparation of Extracts 614.3.5. Detection of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) 624.3.6. Measurement of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) 624.3.7. Measurement of Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) 624.3.8. Assessing the Antioxidant Potential of BR Extract 634.3.8.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of BR 634.3.8.2. ABTS Radical Scavenging Activity of BR 634.3.8.3. Assessment of Antioxidant Activity using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay 644.3.9. Identification and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in BR Extracts using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 644.3.10. Network Pharmacology Analysis of Significant Metabolites from Fermented Brown rice 644.3.11. Assessing Cell Viability 654.3.12. Assessing Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) 664.3.13. DNA Extraction & PCR 664.3.13.1. Primer used in the GAD Gene Detection 664.3.13.2. Protocols for PCR in GAD Gene Detection 674.3.14. Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Detection in L. reuteri MRS Broth using HPLC Approach 674.3.14.1. Untargeted Metabolomics of the L. reuteri Bacteria to Detect Bioactive Compounds 674.3.15. Whole Genome Analysis of the L. reuteri 674.3.16. Data Analysis & Records 684.3.17. Statistical Analysis 684.4. Results and Discussion 694.4.1. Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Analysis 694.4.2. TPC and TFC of Ethanol Extracts 714.4.3. Antioxidant Assays (DPPH, ABTS & FRAP) 734.4.4. Untargeted Metabolomics of Raw and Fermented Brown Rice Samples using UHPLC Q-TOF-MS/MS 744.4.4.1. Phenolic Compounds Detection 744.4.4.2. Amino Acid Profiling of Brown Rice 784.4.4.3. Fatty Acid Profiling of Brown Rice 824.4.5. Cell Viability Assay and Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) 864.4.5.1. Cell Viability Assay 864.4.5.2. Assessing Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) 884.4.6. Network Pharmacology Analysis 904.4.7. PCR Detection of L.reuteri for GAD Gene Confirmation 924.4.8. Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Detection in L. reuteri Bacterial Broth 954.4.9. Untargeted Metabolomics of L. reuteri for Bioactive Compounds Identification 984.4.10. Whole Genome Analysis of L. reuteri 1004.5. Conclusion 106V. Fermented Brown rice Improves Stress-Related Disorders via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Their Associated Metabolites 1075.1 Abstract 1085.2. Introduction 1095.3. Materials and Methods 1115.3.1. Psychobiotic Strain used in the Study 1115.3.1.1. Brown Rice Sample 1115.3.1.2. Synbiotics Preparation 1115.3.2. Experimental Animals 1115.3.2.1. Experimental Workflow 1125.3.3. Chronic Mild Stress Induction Procedure 1145.3.3.1. Body Weight and Food Intake Analysis 1165.3.3.2. Behavioral Analysis 1165.3.3.2.1. Elevated Plus Maze Test (EPMT) 1165.3.3.2.2. Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR) 1165.3.3.2.3. Forced Swim Test (FST) 1165.3.3.2.4. Open Field Test (OFT) 1175.3.4. Biochemical Measurements 1175.3.5. Metagenomics Analysis using 16S rRNA Sequencing 1175.3.6. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFAs) Analysis 1185.3.7. Untargeted Metabolomics of Mice Blood and Fecal samples 1185.3.8. Expression Analysis of GABA Receptors (GABAAα2 & GABAB1β) in the Prefrontal Cortex 1195.3.9. Statistical Analysis 1195.4. Results and Discussion 1195.4.1. Confirmation of Chronic Stress Induction 1195.4.2. Psychobiotics FBR Significantly Improved Anxiety or Depression-related Behaviour and Cognitive Function 1215.4.2.1. Body Weight and Food Intake Analysis 1215.4.2.2. Elevated Plus Maze Test (EPMT). 1215.4.2.3. Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR). 1215.4.2.4. Open Field Test (OFT) 1215.4.2.5. Forced Swim Test (FST). 1215.4.2.6. Stress-Induced Corticosterone Levels. 1225.4.2.7. Neurotransmitters Levels 1225.4.2.8. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of FBR. 1225.4.3. Effect of Psychobiotics FBR Administration on SCFAs 1315.4.4. Psychobiotics FBR Administration Modulated the Altered Gut Microbiota Composition of Chronically Stressed Mice 1335.4.5. Effect of Psychobiotics FBR Administration on Blood and Gut Metabolomics 1415.4.6. Gene Expression Analysis using Prefrontal Cortex of Mice 1505.5. Conclusion 152VI. Conclusion 153References 156Abstract (Korean) 171Acknowledgements 173
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