본 연구는 제 6기(2013~2015) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용한 청소년의 과일·채소 섭취에 따른 영양소 섭취, 식습관, 신체적 특성 및 건강 상태를 비교하기 위하여 시행되었다. 설문 조사에 참여한 13 세에서 18 세 사이의 청소년 1,096 명에 대한 자료는 질병관리본부의 승인을 얻었으며 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 분석했다. 과일과 채소의 일일 평균 섭취량은 518.49 ± 4.94 g이었다. 과일과 채소 섭취량으로 부족군과 충분군으로 나누었고 부족군의 비율은 75.9 %였고 충분군 비율은 24.1 %였다. 청소년의 평균 일일 에너지 섭취량은 2,233.92 ± 14.75 kcal이었다. 에너지 섭취량은 부족군(1,997.19 ± 14.98 kcal)보다 충분군(2,470.65 ± 23.58 kcal)에서 더 높았다(p <0.001). 평균 에너지영양소 섭취비(CPF ratio)는 61.26 : 14.77 : 29.97이었고 충분군에서는 탄수화물 비율이 높았고(p <0.001), 부족군에서는 지방 섭취가 유의하게 높았다(p <0.001). 조절영양소에서 칼슘, 인, 나트륨, 칼륨, 철분 섭취량은 충분군과 부족군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p <0.01-p <0.001). 비타민 섭취는 티아민(p <0.001), 나이아신(p <0.01), 비타민 C(p <0.001), 식이섬유(p <0.001)의 차이를 보였다. 특히 비타민 C는 부족군보다 충분군에서 2.6 배 더 높았다. 그러나 그룹 간의 신체적 특성에는 유의 한 차이가 없었다. 부족군이 일상 생활에서 스트레스를 더 많이 느끼고 있는 반면(p <0.05), 건강 상태는 충분군에서 더 좋았다(p <0.05). 혈청 중성 지방은 충분군에서 유의하게 높았으며 (p <0.05), 총 콜레스테롤은 낮았다 (p <0.05). 본 연구 결과, 과일과 채소의 특성이 다르므로 각각의 섭취기준을 마련할 필요가 있으며 500 g의 과일·채소 섭취가 청소년에게 합리적인 기준이 될지 고려하여야 한다. 그리고 청소년의 과일·채소 섭취를 증가시키기 위한 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.
This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake, eating habit, physical characteristics, and health status according to daily fruits and vegetables intake of adolescents using the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey for the sixth period (2013∼2015). The data on 1,096 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years who participated in the examination of the survey were obtained from the approval of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS. The average daily intake of fruits and vegetables was 518.49 ± 4.94 g. The two groups (insufficient, sufficient) were divided by fruits and vegetables intake and the ratio of the insufficient group was 75.9% while that of the adequate group was 24.1%. The average daily energy intake of adolescents was 2,233.92 ± 14.75 kcal. The energy intake was higher in the sufficient group (2,470.65 ± 23.58 kcal) than in the insufficient group (1,997.19 ± 14.98 kcal)(p<0.001). The energy expenditure ratio (CPF ratio) was 61.26: 14.77: 29.97, and the carbohydrate ratio was higher in the sufficient group(p<0.001), and fat intake was significantly higher in the insufficient group(p <0.001). In energy, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, Iron, vitamin C and dietary fiber intake showed significant differences between insufficient and insufficient groups (p<0.01-p<0.001). Intake of vitamins showed differences in thiamine (p <0.001), niacin (p <0.01), vitamin C (p <0.001) and dietary fiber (p <0.001). Especially vitamin C was 2.6 times higher in the sufficient group than in the insufficient group. However, there was no significant difference in physical characteristics between groups. The self-perceived health status was better in the sufficient group (p <0.05), while the insufficient group was aware of more stress in their daily life (p <0.05). The serum triglyceride was significantly higher in the sufficient group (p <0.05), while the total cholesterol was lower (p <0.05). As the characteristics of fruits and vegetables are different, it will be necessary to determine standards for consumption of each type. It is also necessary to consider whether a fruits and vegetables intake of 500 g would be a reasonable standard for adolescents. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicate efforts to increase fruits and vegetables intake by young people are necessary.