본 연구의 목적은 장애자녀가 초등학교에 다니고 있는 어머니의 직업유무, 학력, 가정의 월 소득과 자녀의 성별, 연령, 장애유형과 정도가 부모효능감과 정서조절전략, 심리적 안녕감과의 차이가 있는지 알아보고, 부모효능감과 정서조절전략이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 조사대상자는 부산?경남소재의 초등학교에 재학 중인 장애자녀를 양육하고 있는 어머니를 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 측정도구는 초등장애아동 어머니의 부모효능감을 측정하기 위해 Giband-Wallston & Wandersman(1978)이 개발한 Parent Sense of Competence(PSOC)을 신숙재(1997)가 번안한 것을 사용하였다. 정서조절전략을 측정하기 위해 Garnefski 등(2001)이 개발하고, 김소희(2004)이 번안한 인지적 정서조절전략 질문지(Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire : CERQ)를 사용하였고, 초등장애아동 어머니의 심리적 안녕감을 측정하기 위해 심리적 안녕감 척도(Psychological Well-Being Scale : PWBS)를 김명소·김혜원·차경호(2001)가 번안, 축약한 총 54문항을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 설문지 총 189부를 SPSS 19.0을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 조사대상자와 자녀의 인구통계학적 특성 및 분포를 산출하였고, 관련 변수의 신뢰도 검증을 하기 위해 Cronbach''?를 산출하였다. 또한 초등장애아동 어머니와 자녀의 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 부모효능감, 정서조절전략, 심리적 안녕감의 차이를 알아보기 위해 일원변량분석과 t검증을 실시하였다. 그리고 초등장애아동 어머니의 부모효능감, 정서조절전략, 심리적 안녕감의 각 변인들의 기술통계를 분석하고, 주요 변인들 간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과를 다음과 같이 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구는 장애자녀가 초등학교에 다니는 있는 어머니의 부모효능감과 정서조절전략이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 첫째, 초등학교에 다니는 자녀를 둔 어머니의 직업유무, 학력, 가정의 월 소득에 따른 부모효능감, 정서조절전략, 심리적 안녕감의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 어머니의 부모효능감의 하위 요인인 부모유능감과 부모로서의 불안과 좌절감은 어머니의 직업유무, 학력과 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 가정의 월 소득 수준에 따라서는 부모유능감과 부모로서의 불안과 좌절감과 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 가정의 월 소득이 높을수록 부모유능감이 높게 나타났고, 가정의 월 소득이 낮을수록 부모의 불안과 좌절감은 더 높게 나타났다. 초등장애아동 어머니의 직업유무, 학력, 가정 월 소득에 따른 정서조절전략의 적응적전 략과 부적응적 전략의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 어머니의 직업유무, 학력에 따라서 정서조절전략은 유의한 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 정서조절전략 중 적응적 전략의 사용은 가정의 월 소득 수준이 높을수록 적응적 전략을 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 초등장애아동 어머니의 직업유무, 학력, 가정 월 소득에 따른 심리적 안녕감의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 어머니의 직업유무, 학력에 따른 심리적 안녕감의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 하지만 가정의 월 소득에 따라서 심리적 안녕감은 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 자녀의 성별, 연령, 장애유형, 장애등급에 따른 부모효능감, 정서조절전략, 심리적 안녕감과의 차이를 살펴본 결과, 부모효능감, 정서조절전략, 심리적 안녕감은 자녀의 인구학적 특성인 성별, 연령, 장애유형, 장애등급과 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 초등장애아동 어머니의 부모효능감은 심리적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 이는 초등장애아동 어머니의 부모효능감이 높을수록 자녀 양육에 대한 유능감을 가지기 때문에 심리적 안녕감과 정적인 관계를 가지고, 부모효능감이 낮을수록 부모역할에 대한 좌절감과 모호함으로 심리적 안녕감에 부적인 관계를 가진다는 것을 의미한다. 넷째, 초등장애아동 어머니의 정서조절전략은 심리적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 정서조절 전략의 적응적 전략과 부적응적 전략의 모든 영역에 유의미한 상관관계를 가진다. 본 연구에서는 부적응적 정서조절 전략 중 파국화, 자기비난이 부적 상관관계를 나타내었고, 적응적 정서조절 전략 중 계획다시 생각하기와는 정적인 상관관계를 보였다. 다섯째, 초등장애아동 어머니의 심리적 안녕감에 부모효능감과 정서조절 전략이 유의미한 영향력을 보였으며, 부모효능감, 부적응적 전략, 적응적 전략은 43.3%의 설명량을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 부모효능감은 심리적 안녕감에 부적 상관이 있었으며, 정서조절전략 중 적응적 전략은 정적 상관이 있었고 부적응적 전략은 부적 상관이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 초등장애아동 어머니의 심리적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 부모의 효능감과 정서조절전략임을 확인할 수 있었다. 초등장애아동 어머니의 심리적 안녕감은 부모효능감에 영향을 미치기 때문에 중요하게 인식되어야 하며, 장애아동 어머니의 부적응적 정서조절전략을 높이기 위해 중재가 함께 이루어졌을 때 심리적 안녕감에 더 효과적일 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 장애자녀를 양육하는 어머니 중 초등학교에 보내고 있는 어머니의 심리적 안녕감의 중요성을 근간으로 하여, 이와 관련된 변인들이 영향을 미치는가에 대해 알아봄으로써 부모의 역할도 중요하지만 어머니 삶의 중요성을 찾아가는 심리적 안녕감을 증진시키기 위한 방안을 모색하는데 기초 자료가 마련될 수 있을 것이다.
The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between parent efficacy, emotional control strategy, psychological well-being and disabled child''s mother''s occupational status, educational background, monthly household income, and child''s age & sex & type of disability, and inquire the influences of parent efficacy and emotional control strategy on psychological well-being. This research had been conducted with mothers who are raising disabled children who are attending elementary schools in Busan?Gyeongsangnam-do. The korean adaptation of Parent Sense of Competence(PSOC) by Sookjae-Shin(1997), originally developed by Giband-Wallston & Wandersman(1978) has been employed to measure the disabled children''s mother''s parent efficacy. For measurement of emotional control strategy, the study had employed the korean adaptation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERO) by Sohee-Kim(2004), originally developed by Garnefski and others(2001), along with 54 questionnaires from korean adaptation of Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) by Myeongso-Kim·Hyewon-Kim·Gyeongho-Cha(2001). In total, 189 copies of questionnaires had been gathered for analysis using SPSS 19.0. With the data, the analysis has calculated the demographical characteristics and dispersions of the main subjects and their children, and Cronbach''? had been calculated to verify reliability of related variables. Also, one-way ANOVA and t-test had been conducted in order to figure out the difference in parent efficacy, emotional control strategy and psychological well-being in accordance to demographical traits of disabled children in elementary school and their mothers. Furthermore, analysis of descriptive statistics of each variables of parent efficacy, emotional control strategy and psychological well-being of mothers of disabled children in elementary school had been conducted, along with regression analysis to verify the correlation between major variables-the results of which, are as follows: First, results for comparing parent efficacy, emotional control strategy and psychological well-being with occupational status, educational background and monthly household income of mother of disabled child in elementary school, suggests that there are no significant correlation between occupational status and educational background, and parent competency and parent frustration-which are subcategories of parent efficacy. There are, however, notable differences in parent competency and parent frustration according to monthly household income; higher the monthly income, higher the parent competency. Lower the monthly income, higher the parent frustration. A review of the difference between adaptive/maladaptive strategy(emotional control strategy) according to occupational status, educational background and monthly household income of mothers of disabled children in elementary school shows no apparent gap between them. Still, it is found that use of adaptive strategy among emotional control strategy was more frequent with higher monthly household income. Analysis of the differences in psychological well-being according to according to occupational status, educational background and monthly household income of mothers of disabled children in elementary school presents that there are no evident differences to be found, though it does seem to have significant correlation with monthly household income. Second, comparing parent efficacy, emotional control strategy and psychological well-being with the child''s age, sex, type/degree of disability, it is found that parent efficacy, emotional control strategy and psychological well-being does not pose significant correlation with sex, age, type/degree of disability which are demographical traits of the children Third, parent efficacy of mother of disabled child in elementary school does have certain impact on psychological well-being. This indicated that with higher parent efficacy will empower mothers in raising their children and allowing them to construct psychological well-being and a static relation, whereas lower parent efficacy will have negative effects on aforementioned aspects due to their frustrations in their role as parents. Fourth, it is suggested that emotional control strategy of mother of disabled child in elementary school does influence psychological well-being, with significant correlations with all aspects of adaptive/maladaptive strategy(emotional control strategy). In this study, catastrophizing and self-reproach(maladaptive strategy) is shown to have negative correlation, whereas rethinking plans(adaptive strategy) is shown to have static correlation. Fifth, parent efficacy and emotional control strategy has shown significant influence over psychological well-being of mother of disabled child in elementary school, with parent efficacy, adaptive/maladaptive strategy having 43.3% of explanation amount. That is to say, that parent efficacy has negative correlation with psychological well-being, positive static correlation with adaptive strategy, and negative correlation with maladaptive strategy. Hence, this study had confirmed that parent efficacy and emotional control strategy are the main factors that influence psychological well-being of mother of disabled chil in elementary school. Psychological well-being of mother of disabled child in elementary school poses itself as a key influence in parent efficacy and thus should be regarded important, and it is suggested that mediation to enhance the maladaptive emotional control strategy of mother of disabled child, renders it more effective in psychological well-being. By inquiring related variables and their effects based on importance of psychological well-being of mothers of disabled children attending elementary school, this study shall serve as a basic data with which follow-up studies could acquire ways to enhance psychological well-being of mothers with disabled children.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론 ···············································································11. 연구의 목적 및 필요성·····································································12. 연구문제······························································································63. 연구의 제한점····················································································74. 용어의 정의························································································8Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·······························································101. 장애아동 부모의 삶·········································································102. 장애아동 어머니의 부모효능감·····················································163. 장애아동 어머니의 정서조절전략··················································194. 심리적 안녕감···················································································225. 선행연구····························································································28Ⅲ. 연구방법 ·····································································311. 연구대상····························································································312. 연구모형····························································································353. 측정도구····························································································354. 분석방법····························································································41Ⅳ. 연구결과 ·····································································421. 초등장애아동 어머니의 직업유무, 학력, 가정의 월 소득에 따른 부모효능감, 정서조절전략과 심리적 안녕감의 차이 ············ 422. 자녀의 성별, 연령, 장애유형, 장애등급에 따른 부모효능감, 정서조절전략과 심리적 안녕감의 차이 ·············································473. 심리적 안녕감과 부모효능감, 정서조절전략의 상관관계 ········ 514. 부모효능감이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향 ···························· 525. 정서조절전략이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향·························· 536. 부모효능감과 정서조절전략이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향· 54Ⅴ. 논의 ·············································································551. 논의····································································································552. 결론 ··································································································59참고문헌································································································62ABSTRACT ·························································································70부 록·································································································74