본 연구는 미용직업군의 직업성 피부질환의 하나인 접촉성피부염인 ‘중화독(中和毒)’과의 관계를 파악함과 동시에 중화독에 대한 예방과 관리대책의 자료를 제공하는 목적을 갖는다.
연구의 실증분석은 통계처리 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 일반적 특성과 직무특성, 알레르기 및 중화독 특성은 빈도분석(Frequency Analysis)을 실시하였으며, 일반적 특성과 직무특성, 알레르기 유무에 따른 중화독 관계는 카이스케어검정()과 t-test, 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실시하였고, Scheffe의 다중범위 검정(Scheffe''s multiple range test)을 통하여 p<.05에서 유의한 차이를 검정하였다.
이러한 연구의 결과는 첫째, 중화독 발생 요인을 분석한 결과 직급과 1일 샴푸 업무량이 통계적인 유의 값을 보였다. 연구대상자인 헤어미용종사자의 1일 업무량에 따른 중화독 특성과의 관계를 알아 본 결과, 중화독 경험 유무는 1일 샴푸 업무량에 따른 차이가 유의미하였으며, 중화독을 경험한 샴푸 업무량이 0%인 근무자는 73.3%이었고, 1-25%인 근무자는 56.3%, 26-50%인 근무자는 96.2%, 51%이상인 근무자는 73.9%로 나타났다(=9.417, p<.05).
둘째, 중화독 발생 부위는 손등, 손목 순이었으며, 증상은 ‘간지럽다’, ‘갈라진다’, ‘피부가 붉어진다’ 순서였다. 모든 업무량에서 ‘손등’이 가장 높았으며, 중화독이 오르는 부위는 알레르기가 있는 응답자와 없는 응답자 모두 ‘손등’이 가장 높게 나타났다. 1일 커트 업무량, 1일 탈·염색 업무량, 1일 관리 및 기타 업무량에서는 중화독 증상으로는 ‘간지럽다’가 모든 업무량에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 1일 샴푸 업무량, 1일 모발크리닉 업무량, 1일 퍼머넌트 웨이브 업무량, 1일 스타일링 업무량에서는 중화독 증상으로 ‘간지럽다’와 ‘갈라진다’, ‘피부가 붉어진다’ 순으로 나타났고, 알레르기가 있는 응답자는 17.6%, 알레르기가 없는 응답자는 19.5%가 ‘간지럽다’고 하였다.
셋째, 알레르기 유무가 중화독의 유무와 밀접한 관계를 갖는 것으로 통계적인 유의 값을 보였다. 연구대상자인 헤어미용종사자의 알레르기 유무에 따른 중화독 특성과의 관계를 알아 본 결과 중화독 경험 유무와 동료의 중화독 목격 후 직업변경 고려 유무는 알레르기 유무에 따른 차이가 유의미하였다. 중화독 경험 유무는 알레르기가 있는 응답자는 중화독 경험이 ‘있다’가 86.8%, 알레르기가 없는 응답자는 ‘없다’가 30.8%이었다(=7.533, p<.01). 그리고 동료의 중화독 목격 후 직업변경을 고려한 알레르기가 있는 응답자는 27.9%이었고, 알레르기가 없는 응답자는 15.4%이었다(=4.641, p<.05).
넷째, 중화독의 경험과 동료의 중화독 목격이 1일 커트 업무량에서 직업변경 고려사항으로 나타났다. 병원치료 유무와 중화독 경험 후 직업변경 고려 유무는 1일 커트 업무량에 따른 차이가 유의미하였다. 중화독을 경험한 후 병원 치료를 받은 업무량이 0%인 근무자는 24.1%이었으며, 1-25%인 근무자는 33.3%, 26-50%인 근무자는 15.7%, 51%이상인 근무자는 3.8%로 커트 업무량이 낮은 근무자의 중화독으로 병원 치료를 받은 경험이 높은 것으로 나타났다(=8.501, p<.05). 또한, 중화독을 경험한 후 직업변경을 고려한 업무량이 0%인 근무자는 18.5%, 1-25%인 근무자는 22.2%, 26-50%인 근무자는 3.9%, 51%이상인 근무자는 30.8%로 1일 커트 업무량이 높은 근무자의 중화독 경험 후 직업변경을 심각하게 고려하는 것으로 나타났다(=10.523, p<.05).
이러한 연구의 결과를 종합하여 보면 직급과 샴푸 업무량, 커트 업무량 등이 중화독과 밀접한 요인으로 보이며 이는 ‘수부(手部)’가 물 또는 세제 등에 직접적으로 노출되었기 때문이라 생각된다. 그러므로 직업성 피부질환에서의 예방을 위한 보호 장비의 사용에 관련한 안전보건교육을 구축할 수 있다면 접촉성피부염인 중화독에 대한 예방과 보호라는 측면에서 의의가 있을 것으로 사료된다.
다만, 조사지역이 광주광역시와 전라남도 지역으로 국한 된 것과 연구대상수가 총 211명으로 헤어미용종사자를 대표하기에는 부족하여 일반화하기에 다소 미흡하다. 그러므로 연구대상자의 경험을 바탕으로 알레르기 유무에 대한 조사의 한계점을 만회하기 위해서 구체적인 알레르기 질환의 병원측정의 정확한 진단근거자료에 의한 조사가 이루어져야한다. 또한 접촉성피부염 관련 개인 알레르기 보유의 정확한 병원진단자료에 대한 구체적인 설문조사와 중화독과 관련한 화학성분 실험이 병행되는 후속 연구가 기대된다.

This research was initiated with the purpose to provide a means of prevention from the neutralizing chemical poisoning using the data for management solutions. Also the aim was to find out the correlations between contact dermatitis (neutralizing chemical poisoning) which is one of the occupational contact dermatitis that professionals in the field of beauty art usually have.
For the analysis of the actual proof of the research, SPSSWIN 18.0, a statistical analysis program, was used. Frequency Analysis for general features, vocational features, allergy and features of neutralizing chemical poisoning by way of the Chi-Square Test, the t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used for finding correlations to neutralizing chemical poison due to general features. The vocational features and allergic tendency, and the significant differences were examined through Scheffe''s multiple range test in p<.05.
The findings from the survey are as follows: First of all, the results from analyzing the causes of occurrence of neutralizing chemical poisoning is that the occupational positions of shampooing jobs on a daily basis showed statistical significance.
As for the results of finding out the correlations with the features of neutralizing chemical poisoning according to hairstylists’ workload a day. Experiencing that the neutralizing chemical poisoning showed a significant difference according to shampooing jobs per day and the percentage of the workers whose workload was 0% and who experienced neutralizing chemical poisoning os 73.3%. Also, the workers whose workload was 1-25% were at 56.3%. Moreover, those whose workload was 26-50% showed results of 96.2%. Finally, a worker with a workload of 51% had a 73,9% rating. ( =9.417, p<.05).
Second, the regions of the occurrence of neutralizing chemical poisoning were at the backs of the hands and wrists. The order of occurrences and their symptoms were itching, cracking, and rashes.
From all the workload types, the problems occurred at the highest rate at the back of the hands and to both respondents who have allergies and don’t have allergies.
With a workload of a hair-cut a day, with the use of bleaching and dyeing, respectively, a symptom of neutralizing chemical poisoning, the symptom of itching showed to be the highest from the workload. This was also the case in the duty of shampooing at a hair-clinic per day, and/or applying a hair-perm on a given day. The symptoms of neutralizing chemical poisoning, in the order of which were itching, cracking, and rashes, 17.6% of the respondents who have allergies and 19.5% of the respondents who had no allergies commented that they had some itching.
Third, allergies were closely correlated to Junghwa-dok (neutralizing chemical poisoning), showing statistical significance.
From the findings of the correlations to Junghwa-dok (neutralizing chemical poisoning) according to the allergies of the hair-stylists’ who were subject to the survey, experiencing Junghwa-dok (neutralizing chemical poisoning) When changing careers after witnessing the neutralizing chemical poisoning of coworkers showed a significant difference according to experiencing further skin problems.
When it comes to experiencing Junghwa-dok (neutralizing chemical poisoning), 86.8% of the respondents with allergies had experienced Junghwa-dok (neutralizing chemical poisoning) and 30.8% of the respondents without allergies did not experienced Junghwa-dok ( =7.533, p<.01). 27.9% of the respondents with allergies after witnessing Junghwa-dok of fellow coworkers considered changing careers, and 15.4% of the respondents without allergies considered changing careers (=4.641, p<.05).
Fourth, experiencing the neutralizing chemical poisoning and witnessing coworkers suffer turned out to be a catalyst for changing careers in the industry and workplace.
Getting hospital care and changing careers after experiencing the neutralizing chemical poisoning showed a different significance according to the workload of just a hair-cut a day.
After experiencing the neutralizing chemical poisoning, the percentage of the workers under hospital care whose workload was 0% was at 24.1%, the percentage of the workers under hospital care whose workload was 1-25% was 33.3%. Also, the percentage of the workers under hospital care whose workload was 26-50% was 15.7%, the percentage of the workers under hospital care whose workload was more than 51% was 3.8%. This showed that the workers whose workload of a low amount of hair-cuts a day had a higher percentage of being under hospital care for the neutralizing chemical poisoning ( =8.501, p<.05).
Also, the percentage of the workers whose workload was 0% and who considered changing careers after experiencing the neutralizing chemical poisoning was 18.5%, with a 1-25% workload it was 22.2%. Finally, with more than 51% it was 30.8%, which showed that the workers who had a high percentage of the workload per day seriously considered changing careers after experiencing the neutralizing chemical poisoning (=10.523, p<.05).
To sum up the survey results, the occupational positions and shampooing jobs seemed to be intimate factors to neutralizing chemical poisoning, considered that their hands were directly exposed to water and detergents. Therefore, once occupational safety and health education related to the use of protective devices are established to prevent occupational skin diseases, it is considered to be meaningful in the aspect of protection and prevention from neutralizing chemical poisoning, a sort of contact dermatitis.
However, since the survey areas were restricted to Gwang-ju City and the Chonnam province the number of subjects for the survey totalled 211, which is not big enough to represent all hair stylists’ and generalize this hypothesis. Thus, in order to make up for the critical point of the survey, the surveys on concrete allergic diseases must be implemented by the diagnostic d