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논문 기본 정보

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학술저널
저자정보
서성욱 (부산대학교) Choi Soon Ho (Research Institute, APRG Inc) Hong Jung-Ki (Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University) Kim Kyoung Mi (Research Center, CureBio Therapeutics Co., Ltd.) 강세찬 (경희대학교) 윤인수 (부산대학교)
저널정보
한국약제학회 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.54 No.4
발행연도
2024.7
수록면
467 - 481 (15page)
DOI
10.1007/s40005-024-00662-1

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Purpose This study investigated the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of apigenin and its metabolite, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (A7G), using a newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method. Methods A simple and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of apigenin and A7G, and their pharmacokinetic properties were examined using an in vivo rat model. Moreover, stability under various conditions, protein binding, blood distribution, and metabolic studies were performed in vitro. Results Apigenin showed poor stability in simulated intestinal fluid, whereas A7G was stable for 24 h. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that apigenin had a very low oral bioavailability (F) of 0.708% and was mainly metabolized to A7G. Notably, systemic exposure (Cmax and AUC) of apigenin after oral administration of A7G was markedly higher (2.62- and 14.3-fold, respectively) than that after oral administration of apigenin. Apigenin and A7G were significantly metabolized in both hepatic and intestinal S9 fractions. Based on the well-stirred and QGut model concepts, they were classified as compounds with low EH (0.0167–0.0389) and moderate-to-high EG (0.626–0.979) in rats, indicating that the intestine had a greater contribution than the liver to pre-systemic elimination of both phytochemicals. Conclusion The low F of apigenin could be attributed to its poor stability in the gastrointestinal lumen and extensive intestinal first-pass effect, which could be improved by oral administration of A7G, demonstrating the potential of A7G as a natural prodrug for improving the low F of apigenin.

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