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논문 기본 정보

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저자정보
Park Jun-Sun (Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Jeon Jaehyun (Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Um Jihye (Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Choi Youn Young (Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Kim Min-Kyung (Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Lee Kyung-Shin (Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Sung Ho Kyung (Research Institute for Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Jang Hee-Chang (National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.) Chin BumSik (Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Kim Choon Kwan (Division of Infectious Diseases, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.) Oh Myung-don (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.) Lee Chang-Seop (Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institut)
저널정보
대한감염학회 Infection and Chemotherapy Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.56 No.1
발행연도
2024.3
수록면
25 - 36 (12page)
DOI
10.3947/ic.2023.0057

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Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is dominating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. The waning protective effect of available vaccines against the Omicron variant is a critical public health issue. This study aimed to assess the impact of the third COVID-19 vaccination on immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 strain in older individuals. Materials and Methods Adults aged ≥60 years who had completed two doses of the homologous COVID-19 vaccine with either BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech, New York, NY, USA, BNT) or ChAdOx1 nCoV (SK bioscience, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, ChAd) were registered to receive the third vaccination. Participants chose either BNT or mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Norwood, MA, USA, m1273) mRNA vaccine for the third dose and were categorized into four groups: ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273. Four serum specimens were obtained from each participant at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the third dose (V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively). Serum-neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity against BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020 (NCCP43326, ancestral strain) and B.1.1.529 (NCCP43411, Omicron BA.1 variant) was measured using plaque reduction neutralization tests. A 50% neutralizing dilution (ND50) >10 was considered indicative of protective NAb titers. Results In total, 186 participants were enrolled between November 24, 2021, and June 30, 2022. The respective groups received the third dose at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 132 (125 - 191), 123 (122 - 126), 186 (166 - 193), and 182 (175 - 198) days after the second dose. Overall, ND50 was lower at V1 against Omicron BA.1 than against the ancestral strain. NAb titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron BA.1 variant at V2 were increased at least 30-fold (median [IQR], 1235.35 [1021.45 - 2374.65)] and 129.8 [65.3 - 250.7], respectively). ND50 titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron variant did not differ significantly among the four groups (P = 0.57). NAb titers were significantly lower against the Omicron variant than against the ancestral strain at V3 (median [IQR], 36.4 (17.55 - 75.09) vs. 325.9 [276.07 - 686.97]; P = 0.012). NAb titers against Omicron at V4 were 16 times lower than that at V3. Most sera exhibited a protective level (ND50 >10) at V4 (75.0% [24/32], 73.0% [27/37], 73.3% [22/30], and 70.6% [12/17] in the ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273 groups, respectively), with no significant differences among groups (P = 0.99). Conclusion A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose restored waning NAb titers against Omicron BA.1. Our findings support a third-dose vaccination program to prevent the waning of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
#COVID-19 vaccine third dose #Humoral immunity #Antibodies #Neutralizing #SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

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