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A Military-Historical Study of Post-War German Reconstruction: The July 20th Military Resistance and the Bundeswehr
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전후 독일 재건의 군사(軍史)적 고찰: 7월 20일 군부저항과 연방군

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Lee, Byong Chol (홍익대학교)
Journal
The Korean Society For German History 독일연구 - 역사·사회·문화 독일연구 - 역사·사회·문화 제55호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2024.2
Pages
69 - 108 (40page)

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A Military-Historical Study of Post-War German Reconstruction: The July 20th Military Resistance and the Bundeswehr
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This paper sheds light on the post-war reconciliation and new beginnings in Germany after 1945, which is one of the most important subjects in modern German history, from the perspective of military history. Disarmed after the defeat in World War II, Germany began rearmament in response to the deepening Cold War and the needs of the Allied powers and Germany. However, the lack of alternative options in terms of personnel continuity with the Wehrmacht, the military of the Third Reich, limited Germany's new military departure. The premise was that there had to be some form of personnel continuity with the defense forces. The new German military had to transform from a military of the Nazi regime to an integrated military in a democratic society. It had to be a military subordinate to politics, rather than being a "state within a state." The foundation for this new attempt was already in place in German military history. It was the resistance that pursued a "different" Germany by defying the Nazis on July 20, 1944. Moreover, it was a resistance within the military leadership. Therefore, the new German military had a basis to begin anew on its own. The situation of the post-war German military was characterized by a dualistic approach, aiming for a democratic military while maintaining personnel continuity with the defense forces. This paper examines how the Bundeswehr, established in 1955, developed under these conditions from the perspective of the acceptance of the July 20th resistance. It can be seen as a gradual process of development in which the Bundeswehr moved towards a progressive direction between the old and new traditions.

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