Medical youth detention centers have been established and operated for juveniles eligible for medical care. In this study, the founding principles and operation status of the medical youth detention centers were analyzed, problems were derived by collecting needs and opinions of teachers and inmates at the medical youth detention centers through in-depth interviews, and the following development plans for medical youth detention centers were proposed based on the research. First, it is necessary to reinforce the medical staff to a level that befits the name “medical youth detention center.” It is of the utmost imperative to have full-time psychiatrists stationed at the facilities. If that is not feasible, it is necessary to find ways to have psychiatrists stationed at the facilities for at least a few hours per day. Second, it is necessary to subdivide inmates by sentence, symptom type, level and age and provide each group with small-group education and life guidance. Considering the characteristics of the juvenile inmates, individuals who have a high awareness of or keen interest in medical rehabilitation education must be employed as staff at the centers and given working conditions suitable for long-term employment. Third, if it is not possible to fill the required staff positions immediately, other solutions must be established to boost the effectiveness of treatment rehabilitation education and secure professionalism by collaborating with outside agencies other than the internal manpower (for example, rehabilitation hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, public psychiatric clinics, shelters rehabilitation centers for the disabled and self-reliance living centers). Fourth, regarding the various lectures currently being given by outside instructors, awareness training must be conducted for the outside instructors and the center staff and outside instructors must frequently share information (such as on extraordinary incidents) with one another to continuously maintain close cooperation. Finally, facility expansion of the medical youth detention centers is a prerequisite to the aforementioned diverse development plans. To meet the demand for medical treatment, it is necessary to set up independent medical youth detention center facilities by installing medical equipment and increasing the number of living rooms, and to substantiate small-group accommodation of the inmates.