The purposes of this study are to review Treatment providedin a Japanese medical reformatory. The following four types ofJapan juvenile training schools are used to accommodatejuveniles according to their age, level of criminal tendency, andphysical and mental condition, etc. at the time of theiradmission: (1)Primary juvenile training schools:Juvenilesgenerally aged 12 or older but typically younger than 16 andwithout any serious physical/mental disabilities; (2)Middlejuvenile training schools:Juveniles generally aged 16 or older butyounger than 20 and without any serious physical/mentaldisabilities; (3)Special juvenile training schools:Juveniles generallyaged 16 or older but younger than 23 and without any seriousphysical/mental disabilities but with strong criminal tendencies. However, juveniles younger than 16 sentenced to imprisonmentcan also be accommodated here; and (4)Medical juvenile trainingschools: Juveniles generally aged 12 or older but younger than26 and with serious physical/mental disabilities. Treatment courses are established with both generalshort-term treatment program and long-term treatment program(with further divisions of the treatment courses also being available within the long-term treatment program). All thejuveniles in juvenile training schools are provided with guidancein five areas of correctional education, namely daily life guidance,vocational guidance, academic education, health and physicaleducation, and special activities. However, they categorize eachjuvenile to one of the treatment courses each of which is setwith different weight of priority on each of these five areas ofcorrectional education, according to the criminal tendency,academic ability, future plans, and physical and mental conditionof each juvenile to implement the treatment in the manner mosteffective (medical treatment has priority in the medical treatmentcourse). The treatment course also notes the key matters thatrequire attention in the course of implementing the correctional education.