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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
이긍재 (목원대학교)
저널정보
대한성서공회 성경원문연구 성경원문연구 제53호
발행연도
2023.10
수록면
7 - 29 (23page)
DOI
10.28977/jbtr.2023.10.53.7

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초록· 키워드

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Genesis 1-2 (Korean version of the Bible) consists of two different stories about the creation of humans (Gen 1:1-2:4a and 2:4b-25). In Genesis 1, God created humans in his own image as ‘man’ and ‘woman’, and gave them his blessing to be fruitful and multiply. Then, in Genesis 2, YHWH God took a rib from the human, whom he had created from the dust and created a ‘woman’ for him. Later, the first created human being called himself ‘man’. As such, they are translated as ‘man’ and ‘woman’ without distinction in both stories in the Korean translation, but are written differently in Hebrew: זָכָ֥ר and נְקֵבָ֖ה (Gen 1:27) and אִ֖ישׁ and אִשָּׁ֔ה (Gen 2:23) are written differently. This use of different Hebrew words is due to the different literature and the different periods in which they were written. The first creation story, which mentions the creation of humans using זָכָ֥ר and נְקֵבָ֖ה, belongs to the so-called ‘priestly source’ written after the captivity. In the following texts, they are referred to as God’s blessed beings who are fruitful and multiplying. The first text (Gen 1:28) describes זָכָ֥ר and נְקֵבָ֖ה as beings created and blessed by God to be fruitful and multiply. This motif is confirmed in Noah’s genealogy (Gen 5:1-2), and refers to the humans who survived after the flood (Gen 9:6-7) and the patriarchs of Israel in Canaan (Gen 17:6, 20-21; 28:3-4; 35:11; 47:27; 48:3-4) and the Israelites who formed a large nation in Egypt (Exo 1:7). And another fact is that these words were used to distinguish the biological sex of animals (Gen 6:19; 7:9, 16). For this reason, we propose to translate זָכָ֥ר and נְקֵבָ֖ה in the first story as ‘male’ and ‘female’, signifying biological differences (sex). The second creation story which mentions the creation of humans using אִ֖ישׁ and אִשָּׁ֔ה belongs to the so-called ‘Jahwist source’ written during the Kingdom period. These documents recorded the social situation in Israel at the time. Genesis 2:18 tells us that the first created ‘Adam’ needed ‘a helper’. And in the following verses, Adam and a helper are referred to again as אִ֖ישׁ and אִשָּׁ֔ה. This shows that they are social beings who need each other, and that Israeli society at that time would have required them to perform social roles and duties like labor and childbirth (Gen 3:16-17). For this reason, we propose to translate אִ֖ישׁ and אִשָּׁ֔ה in the second story as ‘man’ and ‘woman’, signifying differences in social roles (gender).

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