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‘Shang(上)’, ‘Shang-mian(上面)’ and ‘Shang-bian(上?)’ might be recognized as the elements which have the identical function due to their high formal and sematic similarity but practically there is the discrepancy of the grammatical properties among them. This paper attempts to understand the grammar properties through the syntactic and semantic analysis as well as the characteristic of the Chinese localizers further more.
Syntactically, Shang is a bound form and Shang-mian and Shang-bian are a free form. Hence it is appeared that those have the different characteristic at the sentence distribution, combination structure and function etc. It is discovered that Shang-mian is used to express only the upper position and the part of abstract range also, Shang-bian is used to describe only the upper position due to its strong restriction whereas Shang is semantically used to state the diverse/widespread senses such as the upper position, space and abstract range and so on. This is caused by the different grammarticalization degrees among Shang, Shang-mian and Shang-bian. It is believed that understanding this phenomenon basically would be helpful to study the Chinese education, grammacticalization and word class.
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