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A study on Heidegger's criticism of nihilism
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하이데거의 니힐리즘해석에 대한 고찰

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Seu-Kyou LEE (제주대학교)
Journal
한국동서철학회 동서철학연구 동서철학연구 제101호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2021.9
Pages
429 - 456 (28page)

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A study on Heidegger's criticism of nihilism
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Heidegger pays attention to Nietzsche's discussion of nihilism, which exposes the decadence brought about by European civilization. Heidegger fully sympathizes with Nietzsche's understanding of nihilism as a historical movement (geschichtliche Bewegung) that penetrates the history of Western metaphysics, rather than a phenomenon applicable only to a single event or a specific period. However, in spite of these evaluations, Heidegger considers Nietzsche the perfectionist of nihilism. According to Heidegger, although Nietzsche attempted to overcome Western metaphysics through the inversion of Platonism, he was still caught up in the oblivion of Being and was confined to metaphysical thought. Heidegger pays attention to Nietzsche's attempts to overcome nihilism through value transmission, will to power, and eternal return, but criticizes them as only ending in a philosophy of subjectivity and not overcoming metaphysics, but rather completing it. The fundamental reason Heidegger criticizes Nietzsche in this way is that he thinks that Nietzsche grasps Being as a value. According to Heidegger, value only reveals the existence of beings (Seiendheit). Here, Heidegger defines Nietzsche's nihilism as 'non-original nihilism' and, on the contrary, demands that nihilism be understood as an existential event. Nihilism as an existential historical event informs that the advent of nihilism is not only due to traditional metaphysics, but also due to the unique characteristics of Being itself. According to Heidegger, nihilism appears outwardly because of metaphysical thinking that pays attention to beings as beings, but essentially arises because of Beings themselves that reveal themselves through the characteristic of staying outside. From this point of view, the advent of nihilism as an inherent phenomenon of existence can be said to be fatal. Nietzsche's discussion of nihilism overlooks the historical essence of such nihilism, where nihilism only causes the oblivion of Being. Therefore, Heidegger emphasizes the necessity of being-historical thinking (seinsgeschichtliches Denken) to overcome the oblivion of Being caused by traditional metaphysics and subjectivity philosophy by discussing the essence of nihilism. This paper examines the characteristics of Heidegger's interpretation of nihilism, which defines Nihilism as a value thought, which deconstructs traditional metaphysics, and criticizes it in connection with the philosophy of subjectivity.

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