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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
배소연 (용인대학교)
저널정보
이화사학연구소 이화사학연구 이화사학연구 제64호
발행연도
2022.6
수록면
147 - 196 (50page)
DOI
10.37091/ewhist.2022..64.004

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The aim of this paper is to challenge the entrenched belief that the emperor Domitian claimed divinity during his lifetime. It has been largely unquestioned in scholarship that Domitian asked to be addressed as dominus et deus noster, a title that epitomizes his autocracy. However, more recently, the authenticity of this claim has been questioned by scholars focusing on the constituents of tyranny in ancient Greek and Roman historiography. In this process, dominus, which has been misconstrued as indicating that Domitian perceived the relationship between the emperor and the Romans to be that of master and slave, has been reexamined. Yet the word deus, which lent validity to the belief that Domitian wished to be regarded as a god by others while alive, has not received enough attention in this context. In this paper I examine extant archaeological and philological evidence of the Templum Gentis Flaviae, which Domitian built during his reign, to identify any hint of Domitian’s claim to divinity during his lifetime. The Templum Gentis Flaviae served as both a temple to commemorate the deified members of the Flavian Dynasty and a tomb where their ashes were enshrined. The remnants of the Templum Gentis Flaviae show that the focus of the temple was on the deified members of Domitian’s family, not Domitian himself. Those who visited this temple might have admired Domitian’s pietas in dedicating such a monumental building to the divi and divae of his family. However, they might not have interpreted any outright message about Domitian’s divinity during his lifetime from the temple. Yet Domitian neither refused to be deified after his death nor only looked to the past when building the Templum Gentis Flaviae. Around the time the temple was completed, Domitian adopted his cousin’s two sons as his successors. Domitian seems to have been confident that he would be deified by his adoptive sons and join the members of his family in the Templum Gentis Flaviae upon his death. Unfortunately, expectations of both his posthumous deification and the perpetuation of the Flavian Dynasty were cut short by his assassination in 96 C.E. With the memory of the last Flavian emperor obliterated by the order of the Senate, the Templum Gentis Flaviae also faded into oblivion.

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