본 연구의 목적은 생존분석기법을 활용하여 사회적협동조합의 생존율과 생존기간을 살펴보고, 생존에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 전국 510개 사회적협동조합의 경영공시자료(2016년~2020년)를 분석에 활용하였으며, 생존의 영향요인으로 조직특성요인, 재정요인, 정부정책요인, 사회적가치요인, 네트워크요인 등 5가지 요인을 설정하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 생명표분석에서 5년간의 사회적협동조합의 생존율은 58%였으며, 1년차 폐업발생위험이 5.3%, 2년차 10.2%, 3년차 10.2%, 4년차 16.3%로서 연차가 증가할수록 폐업발생위험이 증가하였다. 둘째, 정부지원유형별 생존율은 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 정부지원이 없거나 중단된 조합은 모두 시간이 경과함에 따라 위험률이 증가하였고, 정부지원이 중단된 조합의 경우 4년차 폐업발생위험률이 32%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 조직유형별로는 유의미한 차이는 없었으나 위탁사업형의 생존기간이 4.7년으로 다소 짧았으며 4년차 폐업발생률이 37%로 가장 높았고, 모든 조직에서 연도별 폐업발생위험이 전반적 증가추세를 보였다. 넷째, 콕스회귀분석결과 정부지원금, 총회 및 이사회 개최빈도, 지역사회기여도 등이 주요 영향요인으로 도출되었다. 정부지원이 중단된 조합은 지속된 조합보다 폐업발생위험이 10배 이상 높았으며, 총회개최는 한 단위 증가할수록 폐업발생위험률은 42%만큼 감소하였고, 이사회개최 횟수는 폐업발생위험률이 2.2%만큼 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 사회적협동조합의 생존은 조직과 재정요인보다 정부정책요인, 사회적가치요인, 네트워크요인이 생존에 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 사회적협동조합의 생존율 제고방안 및 정책적 시사점 등을 제시하였다.
The purpose of this study is to examine the survival rate and period of survival of social cooperatives using survival analysis techniques, and to identify factors affecting survival. Management disclosure data(2016-2020) of 510 social cooperatives across the country was used for analysis, and five factors such as organizational characteristics, financial factors, government policy factors, social value factors, and network factors were used as factors influencing survival. The main research results are follows. First, in the life table analysis, the survival rate of social cooperatives for 5 years was 58%, and the risk of business closure in the first year was 5.3%, the second year 10.2%, the third year 10.2%, the fourth year 16.3%. As the years increased, the risk of co-operative closure increased. Second, there was a significant difference in the survival rate by type of government support, and the risk increased over time in all cooperatives that had no government support or stopped receiving government support. In the case of cooperatives whose government support was stopped, the risk of business closure in the fourth year was the highest at 32%. Third, there was no significant difference by organization type, but the survival period of the consignment project type was rather short at 4.7 years, and the 4th year business closure rate was the highest at 37%, and the risk of business closure by year showed an overall increasing trend in all organizations. Fourth, as a result of Cox regression analysis, government subsidies, the frequency of general meetings and board meetings, and contribution to the local community were derived as major influencing factors. The risk of business closure was 10 times higher for cooperatives whose government support was stopped than for cooperatives that continued to support the government, and the risk of business closure decreased by 42% as the number of general meetings increased by one unit. The number of board meetings showed a tendency to decrease the risk of business closure by 2.2%. Overall, it was confirmed that government policy factors, social value factors, and network factors had a greater influence on the survival of social cooperatives than organizational and financial factors. Based on the results of this study, measures to improve the survival rate of social cooperatives and policy implications were presented.