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Major Issues in International Air Transport of Medicines in the Post-Corona Era
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포스트 코로나 시대 의약품의 국제항공운송에 관한 주요 쟁점

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Chang Jae LEE (조선대학교)
Journal
The Korean Reserch Institute Of International Commerce & Law THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW Vol.94 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2022.5
Pages
51 - 74 (24page)
DOI
10.35980/KRICAL.2022.5.94.51

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Major Issues in International Air Transport of Medicines in the Post-Corona Era
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At the era of COVID-19, the international air cargo transportation market faces several challenges and opportunities. The biggest challenge is that the capacity supply of passenger aircraft with various schedules and destinations has decreased due to the inability to use passenger aircraft cargo rooms. However, the demand for international air cargo is on the rise in air cargo market. In particular, the demand for international air cargo is continuously increasing thanks to various factors such as the new emergence of demand for transport of medicines such as COVID-19 vaccines or therapeutics.
In this study, we looked at controversial issues in the air transportation of the COVID-19 vaccine.
First, there is the issue of the application of the Montreal Convention 1999. In order for the Convention to apply, both the place of departure and destination must be a Contracting State under the contract of carriage. The Montreal Convention applies without exception to the air cargo transport by the state and public institutions as well as cargo whose final shipper and/or consignee is the state, such as the COVID-19 vaccine.
Second, the unbreakable limit of liability compensation principle, which is the most prominent feature of international air cargo transportation to which the Montreal Convention applies, was examined. Regarding the mandatory application of the principle of compensation for the limited amount of liability, it may be criticized for excessively reducing the carrier"s liability at first glance, but there is also a reasonable aspect to be noted.
Third, it is necessary to look at the contents of aviation insurance in relation to air transportation of the COVID-19 vaccine. In my opinion, it would be better to specify the liability for compensation through an particular agreement between the cargo owners and the carriers in the transportation of special cargo with very light weight and high added value, such as a COVID-19 vaccine. In this case, the carrier needs to notify the air insurer of the special declared value(SDV) report or special contract in advance in order to request indemnity to the insurance. This is because a high level of liability leads to an increase in the change of risk within liability insurance. As such, in the transportation of special cargo, the necessity to expand the scope of security through a special agreement between the insured air carrier and the insurer should be reviewed.
Although the trade volume of air freight in international trade transport is very small portion compared to that by sea, the importance of air freight can be confirmed in that the value of trade is very high. In addition, based on promptness, reliability and security, air freight is expected to enter a period of revival as it is expected that the demand for transportation of new high value-added products will continue to be created in the future due to the rapid increase in e-commerce and the 4th industrial revolution. I think now is the time to call attention to air cargo transportation, which has been newly highlighted in the face of COVID-19.

코로나19 이후 국제항공화물 운송시장은 여러 가지 도전과 기회에 직면해 있다. 본 연구에서는 코로나19 백신 및 치료제와 같은 의약품의 국제항공운송에서 논란이 될 수 있는 쟁점들을 살펴보았다.
첫째, 몬트리올 협약의 적용 문제이다. 협약이 적용되기 위해서는 운송계약상 출발지와 도착지가 모두 협약의 체약국이어야 한다. 코로나19 백신과 같이 국가가 최종 화주인 화물은 물론이고, 국가 및 공공기관에 의한 항공화물운송에 있어서도 출도착지 요건만 충족된다면 몬트리올 협약은 예외없이 적용된다.
둘째, 몬트리올 협약이 적용되는 국제항공화물 운송에서 가장 두드러진 특징인 깨어지지 않는(unbreakable) 책임제한 배상원칙을 살펴보았다. 이러한 책임제한액 배상원칙의 강행적인 적용에 관하여 일견 운송인의 책임을 과도하게 감경하는 측면이 있다는 비판을 받을 수도 있겠지만 이 제도의 합리적인 측면도 분명히 존재함을 확인한다.
셋째, 코로나19 백신의 항공운송과 관련하여 항공보험의 내용도 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 사견으로는 코로나19 백신과 같이 중량이 매우 가벼우면서 고부가가치를 지닌 특수화물의 운송에 있어서는 화주와 운송인 간의 개별약정으로 배상책임을 특정하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 이때 그 배상책임을 보험으로 전보받기 위해서는 특별가격 신고 혹은 특약 내용을 운송인이 항공 보험자에게 사전에 통지할 필요가 있다. 높은 수준의 배상책임은 곧 책임보험에서 위험의 변경 증가가 될 것이기 때문이다. 이처럼 특수화물의 운송에 있어서는 피보험자인 항공운송인과 보험자 사이에 특약으로 담보범위를 확대할 필요성이 검토되어야 할 것이다.
국제 무역운송에서 신속성과 신뢰성 및 보안성을 바탕으로 항공화물은 향후 전자상거래의 급증과 4차산업혁명에 따른 새로운 고부가가치 상품의 운송 수요가 지속적으로 창출될 것으로 예상되므로 또 다른 중흥기가 도래할 것으로 보인다. 코로나19를 겪으면서 새롭게 조명되고 있는 항공화물 운송에 관하여 주의를 환기할 필요가 있다.
#항공화물 #코로나19 백신 운송 #몬트리올 협약 #항공보험 #COVID 19 vaccine transport #cargo aircraft #Montreal Convention #limited liability #aviation insurance

Contents

국문초록
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 코로나 19 팬데믹으로 인한 국제항공화물운송시장의 변화
Ⅲ. 코로나19 백신의 항공운송에 관한 주요 법적 쟁점
Ⅳ. 결론
참고문헌
ABSTRACT

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