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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
김기형 (서울대학교)
저널정보
한국서양사연구회 서양사연구 서양사연구 제57호
발행연도
2017.1
수록면
75 - 116 (42page)

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Many historians still discuss the Reign of Terror, or the violence between the revolutionaries in the French Revolution. It’s because the violence of the revolutionaries seems far from the ideal of the French Revolution that is to say Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. There was a conflict between traditional historians who emphasized the circumstances which invoke the Terror and the revisionists who explained the violence by the ideology of general will. However, both explanations have their own weak point. We can’t deal with the behavior of the revolutionaries itself by the former. Also, the process of the Revolution has not been explained by the latter. That’s why recent historians focused on the emotional change of the revolutionaries throughout the major events. According to them, the revolutionaries attacked each other because of the distrust, the horror, and the anxiousness evoked by each other. Nevertheless, it is insufficient to examine the era of violence in the French Revolution only with the negative emotions. Besides the distrust, the horror, and the anxiousness, the revolutionaries felt the trust and the self-esteem while pursuing the ideal of the Revolution. That is why some French historians including Pierre Serna framed a concept “l’extrème centre”, which means the effort of the revolutionaries secure the stability of the new republic. The revolutionaries tended to consolidate the republic as one nation, and they excluded their peers who stayed outside of the range of the “center.” In this perspective, we can reconsider the opportunism by which the revolutionaries used the violence to each other. This article stressed this political context of l’extrème centre, focusing on one of the most interesting figures in the Revolution, Joseph Fouché. He did his duty as an représentant en mission in center-west area of France including Lyon, and had conflict with Maximilien Robespierre until his fall, “the Thermidor.” Through the activities of Joseph Fouché, this article tries to find out the aspect that the revolutionaries had their own centers, their own ideal orientations for directing the new republic, and they fought each other for chasing the center. In this point of view, we might adjust the stereotype of Fouché, the slyest opportunist in the Revolution.

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