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The Ego Is a Multiplicity of the Virtual : Freud, Lacan, Neuroscience, Manifestation-Only Buddhism, and Ego Multiplicity
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자아는 중층 가상현실이다 : 프로이트, 라캉, 신경과학, 유식, 자아중층론

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Jung, Kyung-Hoon (아주대학교)
Journal
The Korean Society for Contemporary Psychoanalysis The Journal of Contemporary Psychoanalysis Vol.23 No.1 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2021.2
Pages
91 - 123 (33page)
DOI
10.18873/jlcp.2021.02.23.1.91

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The Ego Is a Multiplicity of the Virtual : Freud, Lacan, Neuroscience, Manifestation-Only Buddhism, and Ego Multiplicity
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The paper aims to deepen and upgrade the concept of the ego, which was invented by Freud and developed by Lacan, through neuroscience and Manifestation-Only Buddhism, arguing that the ego is a multiplicity of the virtual. According to Freud, the ego is formed through the differentiation from the Id under the influence of the perception of the external world and is constituted by multiple mental processes, including the unconscious. The ego is not a single mental agency characterized by rationality, calculation, and reason but a multiplicity of mental processes. The perceptions and memories of external world are representations and simulations, that is, the virtual. In this respect, the ego is a multiplicity of the virtual. According to Lacan, the ego is based on the misrecognition in which the subject unifies himself with his image reflected in the mirror/other. The ego based on visual and linguistic signifiers is the virtual. In the rubber hand illusion in which the ego recognizes the rubber hand as its own, the ego involves the sensory motor network, the salience network, the reward network, the central executive network, and the default mode network. The ego is parallel operations of multiple networks, which means it is a multiplicity of the virtual reality. According to Manifestation-Only Buddhism, the manas, the ego, is not a substance but a consciousness formed by the principle of the dependent origination and involves seven other consciousnesses in its operations. Therefore, the ego is a multi-layered virtual. The ego is virtual but strong because it is connected with self-preservation instinct and auto-erotic drive. The idea that the ego is a multiplicity of the virtual can greatly innovate psychoanalytic theory and clinical practice and enhance our understanding of the (digital) subjectivity in the so-called Untact Era.

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