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A Study on the Systematization of Self-help Business in Korea
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한국의 자활사업 제도화에 관한 연구

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
한국행정사학회 한국행정사학지 한국행정사학지 제45권 제45호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2019.1
Pages
23 - 49 (27page)

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A Study on the Systematization of Self-help Business in Korea
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This research is intended to examine the initial administration of self-support business system in Korea and draw implications for it. Kim Young-sam administration of the method of business through a system of self-support projects in Kim Dae-jung government. Recognizing the limitations of solving poverty problems under the Act on the Protection of Living, the Kim Young-sam administration will seek a policy of desertion through self-reliance projects. Although the self-support project has been in effect since 1996, it was too much to lay the proper foundation for the system due to a lack of understanding of the new self-reliance administration. Even if the ceiling on financial institutions has been raised, the government will seek self-reliance support policies, apart from the self-support policy under the Act on the Protection of Living and Welfare, as the number of borrowers decreases and employment rates fall as the standard for life protection has been raised. However, despite the implementation of the new system of poverty, the results were insufficient due to the lack of understanding of the characteristics of the poor, the adverse effects of the system, the lack of expertise of the public officials in charge, and the lack of the ability of the designated institutions. Although the establishment of the National Basic Livelihood Security Act established institutionalization for self-support projects, Kim Dae-jung government can not achieve the expected results due to lack of understanding of the self-reliance administration system and the characteristics of the people in charge of it. The National Basic Livelihood Security Act was institutionalized to reflect the purpose of self-reliance projects, but not fully reflected the ability to work and self-reliance drive. In addition, due to the lack of a self-support system, many problems have been expressed from the beginning of the project, which has overshadowed the original purpose of solving poverty. Moreover, the lack of ability of self-support agencies remains an unsolved task that cannot be overcome even today. The problem of the design of the system for the desertion of the poor from the early days of self-reliance system provides a clue to the inefficiency of self-reliance administration that continues to this day. The administration of the initial self-support project is also meaningful in that it has created a case in which the poverty-solving model proposed by private organizations is settled by institutionalization and established as the original model of Korea. The developmental views presented through the study are as follows: First, self-reliance administration should be designed in consideration of the characteristics of the subject, the integrity of the program, the moral hazard resulting from the implementation of the self-support project, etc. Second, the self-reliance institutions should be differentiated by their characteristics so that organizations or institutions with various characteristics can participate and the administrative system and organic links should be established. Third, the professional knowledge of the person in charge of self-support projects should be cultivated and the experience and knowledge of local human resources should be utilized at the level of case management. Fourth, achievements for self-reliance projects or dehydration should be evaluated by setting goals by gender, life cycle, and social background. Fifth, from the long and short-term perspective, the needs of the industry or the job market should be analyzed and customized programs implemented. And efficient self-support should be made in conjunction with local industries.

본 연구는 한국의 자활사업 제도화에 대해서 고찰하고 그에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 한 것이다. 자활사업에 대한 제도화는 김영삼 정부의 시법사업을 거쳐 김대중 정부에서 이루어진다. 생활보호법 하에서의 빈곤문제해결에 한계를 인식한 김영삼 정부는 자활사업을 통한 탈빈곤 정책을 모색하게 된다. 1996년부터 자활시범사업이 실시되지만 새로운 자활행정에 대한 이해부족으로 알맞은 제도적 초석을 다지기에는 무리였다. 생업자금융자 한도액을 증액시켰을지라도, 생활보호기준을 상향조정함으로서 대상자 숫자가 감소하고 취업률이 하락하자 생활보호법상의 탈빈곤 정책과는 별개로 자활사업을 통한 자립지원정책을 모색하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 새로운 탈빈곤의 제도의 추진에도 불구하고 빈곤층의 특성에 대한 이해부족과 제도가 가져올 부작용, 담당공무원의 전문성 부족, 지정기관의 능력부족 등 모든 자활행정체계의 난맥으로 그 성과는 미비하였다. 김대중 정부에서 국민기초생활보장법을 제정하여 자활사업에 대한 제도화를 확립하였지만, 자활행정체계의 미비와 담당자의 대상자의 특성에 대한 이해부족으로 소기의 성과를 낼 수는 없었다. 국민기초생활보장법에 자활시범사업의 취지를 반영하여 제도화하였지만 근로능력․자활욕구 등이 충분히 반영되지 못하였고, 대상자 파악조차 안되는 자활행정체계의 미비로 사업초기부터 많은 문제점이 표출되어 빈곤해결을 위한 당초 취지가 무색해지고 말았다. 더욱이 자활사업 담당기관의 능력부재는 오늘날까지도 극복되지 않는 미해결의 과제로 남겨지고 있다. 자활제도화 초기에 빈곤층의 탈빈곤을 위한 제도설계의 미숙은 오늘날까지 이어지는 자활행정의 비효율성에 대한 단초를 제공하고 있다. 초기 자활사업의 행정은 이러한 비판적 시각에도 불고하고 민간단체에서 제안한 빈곤문제해결모델이 제도화로 정착되는 사례를 만들었고 우리나라의 독창적인 모델로 정립되었다는 점에서 그 의미가 있다. 연구를 통하여 제시된 발전적 시각은 첫째, 자활행정은 대상자의 특성, 프로그램의 적실성, 자활사업 시행에 따른 도덕적 해이 등 대상자의 심리적 갈등 문제 등을 고려하여 설계되어야 한다. 둘째, 자활기관을 특성별로 차별화 하여 다양한 특성을 가진 조직이나 기관이 참여하도록 하고 행정체계와 유기적 연계가 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 자활사업 담당자의 전문적 지식을 쌓게 하고 사례관리 차원에서 지역의 인적자원의 경험과 지식을 활용한 연계방안을 구축하여야 한다. 넷째, 자활사업이나 탈수급을 위한 질적인 성과는 성별, 생애주기별, 사회적 배경별로 목표치를 설정하거나 평가가 필요하다. 다섯째, 탈빈곤을 위한 장․단기적인 측면에서 산업이나 취업시장의 욕구를 분석하고 맞춤형 프로그램을 실시하여야 한다. 지역의 중소기업과 산업체와 연계하여 효율적인 자활지도가 이루어져야 한다.
#Self-help administration #Self-help system #Self-help business #Self-help business person

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권석환 / 2014 / 조선시대 안동지역 계의 존재양상과 역할 google schola 김승오 / 2010 / 자활운동의 역사와 철학 / 한국지역자활센터협회 google schola 김은경 / 2006 / 자활지원사업의 문제점 및 개선방안 google schola 남기민 / 2014 / 사회복지법제론 / 공동체 google schola 노기남 / 2014 / 사회복지법제론 / 동문사 google schola

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