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The Legal Nature and Position of Virtual Currency
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가상화폐의 법적 개념과 지위

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Academic journal
Author
Journal
건국대학교 법학연구소 일감법학 일감법학 제42호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2019.1
Pages
145 - 165 (21page)

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The Legal Nature and Position of Virtual Currency
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Almost every country struggles to define and establish rules for virtual currency, although virtual currency is now ubiquitous in the financial market to some extent. It is because Bitcoins and Alt-Coins of 1,600 types, which are based on distributed ledger and encryption technology, are not easy to define in a single concept. Various research subjects exist, including virtual currency’s increasing role in economic activities, with a couple of problems that follow it. In short, central banks of major countries have keenly watched the payment and settlement function in virtual currencies. Bitcoin, the first virtual currency, itself insists that “Bitcoin is an innovative payment network and a new kind of money.” Nevertheless, recently the governors of major central banks regard Bitcoin as neither an innovative payment network nor a new kind of money. However, it seems that criticisms on virtual currency being speculative investment has increased compared to earlier times. It is not easy to find out the legal nature of virtual currency from existing laws. It is because existing laws were not written with virtual currency taken into account. The concerns against virtual currency replacing the existing legal currency seems to have weakened than before. In contrast, virtual currency’s function as financial investment instrument has grown. Nevertheless, there are little proper regulations on these functions of virtual currency in Korea. It seems impractical to define the legal nature of virtual currency from the ground of existing rule-based system. It is because even if we succeed to define the legal nature of one virtual currency through the existing rule, this does not guarantee the same for the next one. Therefore, the definition of virtual currency seems to vary from country to country. At this point, virtual currencies stand out as financial investment instrument in Korea. Since virtual currency is actively traded for financial investment instrument, it is necessary to provide protection for the investors. Firstly, Korean Financial Services Commission must announce the principles of regulation on virtual currency, and secondly, amendment of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and new legislation on virtual currency is necessary for establishing reasonable regulations on virtual currency.

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