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In the course of screening for a novel inhibitorof CDC2, HY558-1 was isolated from a culture broth ofPenicillium minioluteum F558. Moreover, it was found thatHY558-1 had an effect on both the cell cycle regulation andapoptosis of human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. Aflow cytometric analysis of HeLa cells revealed appreciablecell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2/M phases following treatmentwith HY558-1. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation due toapoptosis was observed in HeLa cells treated with HY558-1.To obtain further information on the cell cycle arrest andapoptotic induction induced by HY558-1, the expression ofcertain cell cycle and apoptosis-associated proteins was examinedusing a Western blot analysis. The results revealed thatHY558-1 inhibited the phosphorylation of pRb and decreasedthe expression levels of CDK2, CDC2, and cyclin A in thecell cycle progression. It was also shown that the level ofp21WAF1/CIP1 was increased in HeLa cells treated with 0.52 mMof HY558-1. Accordingly, HY558-1 was found to inhibit theproliferation of HeLa cells through the induction of G1 phasearrest by inhibiting pRb phosphorylation via an upregulationof p21WAF1/CIP1, and G2/M phase arrest by directly inhibitingCDC2 and cyclin A. Moreover, HeLa cells treated with 0.52mM of HY558-1 exhibited apoptotic induction associatedwith the cleavage of Bid and release of cytochrome c frommitochondria into the cytosol. Subsequent investigation of theactivation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) suggested that the mitochondrial pathwaywas primarily involved in the HY558-1-induced apoptosis inHeLa cells.

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