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Russia's Influence on Central Asian Energy Resources: An Analysis of the Factors of Status Quo and Change
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러시아의 중앙아시아 에너지 자원에 대한 영향력: 현상유지와 변화 요인

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
Institute of Russian Studies Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 슬라브硏究 슬라브硏究 제34권 제2호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2018.1
Pages
45 - 73 (29page)

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Russia's Influence on Central Asian Energy Resources: An Analysis of the Factors of Status Quo and Change
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In the 1990s, Russia was able to secure its monopolistic status in the Central Asian energy trade through the oil and gas pipelines constructed during the Soviet era. During those time, Russia was the only access of connecting Kazakhstan’s oil and Turkmenistan’s natural gas to major consumers, like the Europe, so the influence of Russia on energy resources was literally enormous. Russia's constructivist approach, based on the two times experiences of economic integration between Russia and Central Asia throughout the history and social and cultural affinity are also the major elements strengthening the Russia’s energy leverage over Central Asia. However, the influence of Russia on energy resources in Central Asia appeared to be gradually weakening from the mid-2000s. Attempts by Central Asian countries to diversify energy trade routes with countries other than Russia and Western/ Chinese entry into the Central Asian energy market have consequences to greatly shaking Russia's monopolistic position so far. Of course, in case of Kazakhstan, Russia's influence on Kazakh energy resources is still dominant because of its geographical location(sharing the border with Russia), economic linkages (especially oil and gas pipelines) and its population composition (Kazakhs and Russians mixed). However, Turkmenistan, a neutral country with a relatively single population composition (85% or more of Turkmen) without sharing borders with Russia, actively promoted the diversification of energy export countries and consequently reduced Russian influence quite greatly. Today, Russia appears to be aware of its changing status and diminished influence in the Central Asian energy sector and is trying to modify its strategy or focus on finding alternative targets. Therefore, it is more persuasive to prospect the Russia's energy leverage over Central Asia is likely to be checked and weakened due to the Central Asian domestic politics and various actors playing into the Central Asian energy sector.

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