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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
중앙대학교 외국학연구소 외국학연구 외국학연구 제44호
발행연도
2018.1
수록면
515 - 554 (40page)

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The objective of the study is to analyze Turkmenistan's economic development policy and its economic cooperation with China, from a historical and current perspective. Turkmenistan gained independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The newly independent country's first head of state, President Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow, aimed to boost Turkmenistan's economy by developing its domestic industry, increasing residents' income, and diversifying the export route of natural gas, which was primarily centered to Russia. Turkmenistan’s government enhanced their activities to promote economic cooperation with mainland China to achieve these objectives. Concurrently, China wished to import natural gas by land to secure its supply. This was because natural gas imported via the Strait of Malacca had experienced instability in the Middle East, due to the sea control exerted by the United States Navy. Further, China needed to export products and required industry technology to maximize its profit. These economic demands helped enhance the economic collaboration between Turkmenistan and China. In April 2006, President Nyýazow and his Chinese counterpart, President Hu Jintao, signed a memorandum for constructing the Central Asia-China natural gas pipeline, and mutually agreed to diversify the natural gas trade route. From February 2007, the second head of state, President Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow opened up the country’s economy to foreign capital and foreign specialists to develop domestic manufacturing, and continued to diversify the natural gas trade route. The Central Asia-China natural gas pipeline, which was constructed by China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Cooperation (CNPC), has been exporting Turkmenistan’s natural gas to mainland China since December 2009. Specifically, the success of the diversification of the natural gas export route and the high oil and natural gas price until the first half of 2013 helped develop the domestic economy and pursue the welfare policy to the residents of Turkmenistan. Further, Chinese companies also helped develop the silk industry in Turkmenistan and exported railroad cars to Turkmenistan. Moreover, in the first half of 2016, other Chinese companies collaborated with Turkmenistanʼs companies to establish production bases for metal goods, gas turbines, granite stone, and marble. President Berdimuhamedow also hoped to develop the machinery industry, electronics industry, and other manufacturing businesses in Turkmenistan. To achieve this aim, he wanted to further enhance the economic collaboration with mainland China. However, the prolonged process of foreign business license registration, high interest rates in domestic banks, and the lack of excellent and skilled human capital in Turkmenistan hindered the attraction of more Chinese capital, which could have otherwise contributed to increasing the economic cooperation between the countries. Thus, the enhancement and intensification of mutual economic collaboration between Turkmenistan and China depends on whether the formerʼs government can present and implement a substantive economic policy, which could effectively address the aforementioned challenges.
#Turkmenistan #Economic development policy #National industries #Diversification of natural gas export route #China

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