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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국고전르네상스영문학회 고전 르네상스 영문학 고전 르네상스 영문학 제17권 제1호
발행연도
2008.1
수록면
197 - 223 (27page)

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This paper reads the way in which Christopher Marlowe's The Jew of Malta deals with the political implication in the early modern fashioning of Jewishness. In doing so, this paper attempts to explore how the play looks into the way in which early modern European Christians were building up a fantasy about stable supremacy in a closely intertwined discourse of race and religion at the expense of the Jewish Other. It also discusses how, and to what extent, the playwright challenges the contemporary construction of essentially impure and evil Jews in opposition to inherently pious and superior European Christians. In order to better understand Marlowe's representation of Barabas, the Jewish merchant-protagonist, as well as the anti-semitic Maltese context in which the play is located, this paper first introduces the history of anti-Jewish arguments in medieval and early modern Europe. Then it goes on to argue that Judith Butler's theory on performativity helps analyze Barabas's attempt to dismantle the Maltese society by performing destructive stereotypes of a criminal Jew and thus by conforming to the imagination of the dominantly white, Christian, and male community in Malta. For anti-semitism does not tell so much about Jews as about the society that produces the discourse itself. Barabas succeeds in agitating the apparently stable boundaries of racial, religious, political, and moral differences by way of proving that a typical Jew with negative qualities is not born but is constructed, and thus can be performed. Consequently, the audience can see more clearly that anti-semitism is a symbolic system that is kept to maintain particular social systems, not an essential truth. One cannot conclude, however, that Marlowe's intention was to advocate the Jewish community that has been unjustly persecuted throughout the last millennium, nor can one argue that Barabas is radically subversive in his disturbing role-play. For, by making a Jew perform "the Jew", the playwright seems in the end to have created another Jewish monster and father, who forecloses the possibilities of alternative performativity in manipulating his daughter according to the patriarchal rule of the gendered Maltese society.

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