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The Meaning of 'Crime' and 'Punishment' in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment
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도스토옙스키 『죄와 벌』에 나타난 '죄'와 '벌'의 의미

논문 기본 정보

Type
Academic journal
Author
Kim Sung-IL (청주대학교)
Journal
KNU ACADEMY OF HUMANITIES Journal of East-West Humanities Vol.11 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2019.4
Pages
5 - 41 (37page)

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The Meaning of 'Crime' and 'Punishment' in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment
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The protagonist of Crime and Punishment, Raskolinikov, epitomizes generations of Russian Intellectuals of the 1860s. He has been conceived as a ‘new’ man and a symbol of his time, as he endures and defies the social and mental absurdities of Dostoevsky’s contemporaries. His life of poverty has shaped his world view with nihilism and meaninglessness. However, Raskolinikov is not merely a nihilistic daydreamer. He is in fact an extraordinary character with a profound philosophical trait, who denies God to establish the omnipotent rationality of men instead. At the same time, he is a romantic character as he feels pride, absolute loneliness and sadness.
Raskolinikov commits a crime deeper than common crimes. He did not merely murder a human being, but also the principle that defines the nature of crime and social morality. In his world view, mankind falls into two categories: the extraordinary man and the ordinary man. Raskolinikov rationalizes the former’s domination over the latter with the vague criterion of greatness and his theory serves to justify and legitimate the ‘experiment’ of the murder he has committed.
The title ‘Crime and Punishment’ reveals one of the most important themes of Dostoevsky’s thoughts. Here, the word ‘crime’ already means ‘transgression’. The very nature of Raskolinikov’s crime lies in the transgression of all boundaries and norms, and morality. In that sense, “Everything is permitted” is to be understood as an important motto of Dostoevsky’s anti-hero. This central motif of ‘transgression’ can thus be found along the fate of almost all the characters of Crime and Punishment. However, it assumes different meanings for each of them.
As for ‘punishment’, which means etymologically ‘instruction, advice, teaching’, it denotes a concept as complex as of ‘crime’. After perpetrating his crime, Raskolinikov is in the grip of a dreadful moral struggle. Thinking he could live in absolute freedom and solitude after putting into practice his thoughts and beliefs, he has overlooked the human nature intrinsic to himself, that is, the guilt of his conscience. Raskolinikov denies it and keeps advocating his theory with no sign of remorse. However, the ‘transgression’ only comes from his self-image as an ordinary murderer and his extreme hollowness that cuts him out of humanity. To reach self-consciousness he must go through several difficult phases. The real, official punishment begins in the epilogue, which means for Raskolinikov recovery and moral regeneration. His redemption comes from without, from another character who constitutes his alter ego.

Contents

국문초록
1. 들어가는 말
2. 라스콜리니코프의 형상과 그의 사상
3. ‘죄’와 ‘벌’의 의미
4. 나오는 말
참고문헌
ABSTRACT

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2019-001-000788270