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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국무역상무학회 무역상무연구 무역상무연구 제45권
발행연도
2010.2
수록면
85 - 109 (25page)

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초록· 키워드

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L/C provides the exporter and the importer with safe assurance in theexchange of goods for payment in international trade. It involves anumber of parties. Although the parties may have confidence in theirclient, bad faith or ignorance of international banking practice by any ofthese parties could cause the failure of transaction, which makesinternational trade a risky business. Most of the risks are found intransport document, which can cause disputes.There are many factors in the risk of transport documents under L/Ctransaction. One most common risk factor for the beneficiary in alltransport documents is even if there is no discrepancy in document, theissuing bank or the applicant refuses to pay or delay payment insistingthere is a discrepancy. In some very rare cases, the beneficiary may notget paid due to unfair injunction of the local court of the applicant. Forthe applicant, most common risk factors are fake bill and fraud.Risks classified according to the sorts of transport documents are asfollows.1. In B/L, payment can be refused because it is regarded as charter partyB/L, although there is no real charter party contract. And the applicantcan bear the potential risk of the loss or deterioration of cargothrough transhipment of the cargo loaded on board in container iftranshipment is prohibited without excluding of UCP 600 article 20 (c).2. In charter party B/L, the applicant may take delivery without payingwhen charter party B/L is signed by charterer, which can result in abig loss for the beneficiary and the negotiating bank. And risks mayarise when cargo is seized because the charterer does not pay the hire.The applicant and the issuing bank are also vulnerable to a risk -Against whom should they file a suit when cargo gets damaged duringtransportation?3. In multimodal transport document, which is subject to a conflictbecause there is a big difference in viewpoints between transportindustry and banks, conflicts may also arise when L/C requires oceanB/L and accepts multimodal transport document at the same time, butdoes not specify the details.4. In air waybill, where the consignee is not the issuing bank but theapplicant, risks may take place to the beneficiary when the applicanttakes delivery but refuses to pay asserting minor discrepancies indocument. The applicant may also bear the risk when cargo may notbe loaded because air waybill is a received bill. Another risk may arisewhen although the applicant prohibits transhipment without excludingUCP 600 article 23 (c), the cargo may be transhipped, provided thatthe entire carriage is covered by one and the same air waybill.

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