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Digital Trade in Analogue Regime - Digital Trade Liberalization and Role of Trade Agreements
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아날로그 체제 하의 디지털무역 - 디지털무역 자유화와 무역협정의 역할

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Academic journal
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Journal
법무부 국제법무정책과 통상법률 No.131 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2016.10
Pages
51 - 90 (40page)

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Digital Trade in Analogue Regime - Digital Trade Liberalization and Role of Trade Agreements
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With advent of digital age, paradigm of international trade is undergoing fundamental changes. Ubiquity of internet and rapidly developing ICTs have altered how we exchange goods and services. Nevertheless, current WTO regime have failed to embrace disciplines on digital trade, raising concerns of lacuna. This study takes a closer look at the disciplines of digital trade liberalization from three different perspectives: ‘liberalization at the multilateral negotiation level’, ‘liberalization at the dispute settlement level’, and ‘liberalization at a regional trade agreement level.’ At the multilateral negotiation level, there has been no substantive progress other than (tentative) duty-free moratorium on electronic transmission. As far as liberalization at the dispute settlement level is concerned, several legal issues were raised in US-Gambling and China-Audiovisual Services such as ‘application of GATS disciplines on electronically delivered services’, ‘classification of delivery mode of electronically transmitted services’, ‘technological neutrality and likeness.’ Yet many other issues remain unresolved. As a consequence, number of WTO Member countries these days attempt to set a new regulatory system regarding digital trade through RTAs. The Korea-US FTA and TPP, in particular, deal with e-commerce in a separate chapter, setting forth specific rules on ‘definition and classification of digital products’, ‘permanent duty-free moratorium’, ‘non-discrimination on digital products’, ‘classification and scheduling of electronically transmitted services.’ Furthermore, TPP, often referred as the ‘21st century trade deal’, leads the discussion over digital trade liberalization by obligating contracting parties to permit cross-border transfer of information by electronic means, banning local presence of computing facilities, and prohibiting transfer of software source code. However, digital trade liberalization has become an urgent issue. In order not to lose economic benefits that digital trade may bring, WTO Member countries must not be trapped in an analogue regime and continue the WTO Work Programme on E-commerce under multilateral trade regime.

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2017-360-002330667