본 연구는 유치원 및 초등학교 아동 84명을 대상으로 아동의 킥 기능에 대한 양적, 질적 발달을 연령 단계별로 분석·검토하여 킥 동작의 발달양상과 발달 정도를 파악한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 신체 분절의 운동역학적 변화 임팩트 순간 발목 관절 속도는 연령 증가에 따라 높게 나타났고, 성별간에는 남자가 여자 보다 높게 나타났다. 발목 관절 속도는 5·6세, 7·8세, 9·10·11세의 연령별 세 집단으로 다르게 나타났다. 임팩트 순간 분절의 각속도는 하퇴 분절의 각속도에서만 성별간에 남자가 여자보다 높게 나타났다. 2) 공의 최대 속도, 비행각도, 지지발의 위치 공의 최대 속도에서는 연령의 증가에 따라, 그리고 남자의 공의 속도가 높게 나타났고, 5·6세, 7·8·9세, 10·11세로 연령별 세 집단으로 다르게 나타났다. 발목 관절의 속도가 공의 최대 속도에 영향을 미친것으로 보여진다. 공의 비행 각도에서는 연령이 증가할수록 비행 각도가 높게 나타나 정확도가 낮은 것을 알 수 있다. 임팩트 순간 지지발과 공의 거리는 성별간에서 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타나, 남자가 여자보다 지지발을 공에 더 가깝게 놓고 임팩트 한다. 3) 킥 동작의 발달 패턴 신체 중심의 속도 변화에서 수평 방향은 임팩트 순간에 최대치에 도달하였고 수직 방향의 속도는 킥 동작 후반부에 증가하여 킥 동작의 미숙한 점을 보였다. 관절의 속도 변화 비교에서 발목 관절의 속도는 임팩트 순간에 높게 나타난 반면, 무릎 관절의 속도는 임팩트전에 높게 나타났고 발목 관절의 속도는 무릎 관절의 속도보다 2.5배 높게 나타났다. 분절의 각속도 변화 비교에서 각속도의 크기는 하퇴 분절, 발 분절, 대퇴 분절 순으로 나타났다.
This study focused on the techniques of kick motions on which lower extremities take important roles. The subjects of this study were 84 children of Y kindergarten and elementary including 6 male & 6 female students in each grade from first to sixth. Two video cameras were used to analyze kinematical development of children`s kick motions: a cinemato graping method of DLT(direct linear transformation) was adopted. By using those methods, the speed of the joint section, the angular velocity of section, the maximum velocity of balls, the angular measure of flying balls, and some other kinematical and developmental patterns of body sections were analyzed when the subjects were kicking balls with unskilled legs. The results analyzed by sex and age were as follows: 1. Kinematic of kick motion at the impact The velocity of joint sections of the ankles at the impact sharply increased in proportion to the age levels. In the velocity of joint sections of ankles, the subjects could be divided into three different age groups according to the velocity levels(1st group of 5∼6 years, 2nd group of 7∼8 years, 3rd group of 9∼11 years). In the velocity of angular at the impact, there was a significant difference only in the shank, that showed the male group was higher than the female group. However, in the joint sections of foot and thigh, there was no difference in age and sex styles. The average velocity of the shank of male between ages showed 971.06±225.72°/s. and that of female showed 678.96±152.04°/s. 2. The maximum velocity of balls, the angular measure of flying balls, and the distance of the supporting foot The maximum velocity of a ball increased in the proportion to the age, and the maximum velocity of ball kicked by males was higher than that of females. In the velocity of balls, the subjects could be divided into three different groups of the ages according to the velocity levels(1st group of 5∼6 years, 2nd 7∼9 years, 3rd 10∼11 years). In the angular measure of balls at the flying point, as the age increased, the angular measure of the flying ball increased, but its accuracy was lowered. In the distance between supporting foot and ball, it showed that males impacted the ball closer to the stance of supporting foot than females when they kicked balls. 3. The developmental patterns of kick motions In the development of the velocity of the center of gravity, the speed of horizontal direction reached maximum velocity at the point of impact, and the speed of perpendicular direction increased at the latter half of kick motion. This type of kick motion seemed to be attributable to an inexperienced motion. In the analysis of velocity of joints, the maximum velocity of the ankle showed at the impact, but that of the knee showed before the impact. However, that of ankle was higher than knee joint by double and half. The change of angular velocity shows that the speed of shank section is the highest followed by foot section and thigh section.