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This study adopted Health-Carter`s method and measured ten body composition in 638 children at B Elementary School in Cheju City in order to classify their somatotype and to analyze their physical characteristics. The study analyzed changes of somatotype and body composition depending on age and sex. The results are summarized like the followings. 1. Structural Difference Between Sexes Although the structural difference between male and female children was not so great, the boys` values are higher in almost every body composition than the girls`. Only in girls in higher grades are found higher values of height, weight, and biceps girth than in boys. 2. Difference of Body Composition Between Sexes In the lower grades, the mean values of calf skinfold and FFM mass are higher in boys than in girls, whereas the mean values of triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, fat weight, and percent fat are higher in girls than in boys. In the middle grades, the mean values of triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, calf skinfold, fat weight, and FFM mass are higher in boys han in girls, whereas the mean values of percent fat are higher in girls than in boys. In the higher grades, the mean values of triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, and calf skinfold are higher in boys than in girls, whereas the mean values of percent fat, fat weight, and FFM mass are higher in girls than in boys. 3. Difference of Somatotype 1) Difference of Somatotype Between Sexes In the lower grades, the boys` somatotype is 2.96-4.83-1.84, whereas the girls` is 3.50-4.41-2.78. In the middle grades, the boys` somatotype is 3.71-4.77-1.97, whereas the girls` is 3.61-4.1902.16. In the higher grades, the boys` somatotype is 4.10-4.9101.97, whereas the girls` is 4.02-4.32-2.22. 2) Distribation of Body Types. Mesomorph is the most dominant type is every grade, endomorph the second, and ectomorph the third. Endomorph increases as the grade goes up, which is more evident in girls than in boys. 3) Correlation of Thirteen Somatotype Elements with Body types A and B are relatively high in endomorph. So are C, D, E, F, G, and M in mesomorph. However, there is a difference between sexes in ectomorph. H and I are high in boys, whereas H, I, J, and K are high in girls. 4) Distribution of Somatotype Elements The main types in lower grades are E and D in boys, and E, D, and C in girls; in middle grades E, D, and C in boys, and E, C, D, B in girls; in higher grades E, D, C, and B in boys, and B, C, E, and M in girls. 4. Correlation of Body Composition with Body types There is no statistically significant difference in correlation of body composition with body types between sexes. Weight, height, percent fat, fat weight, FFM mass normally correlate with endomorph and mesomorph, but there is counter-correlation between those body composition and ectomorph.