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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
철학연구회 철학연구 철학연구 제6집
발행연도
1971.12
수록면
72 - 86 (15page)

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Ernst Cassirer pointed out the conflicts between two tendencies in Plato`s thought: the one is the tendency to transcend all limits of the empirical world and another is that to organize this world. Fundamentally Plato dislikes the actual world and hates politics. But he feels obliged to take part in political affairs in order to put them under the control of reason. The allegory of the cave is an evidence of his sense of engagement. Individuals and the state are inseparably interwoven. So Aristotle`s politikon zoon (πoλιτιko`v ζ Ψω⌒ov) is preferably to be translated into `state-erecting (or. state-managing) animal`. The story of Gyges suggests the universal wickedness of human nature. How can a just state be established with such human beings? It is indeed a difficult task. The most serious challenge for Plato`s thought was Thrasymachus` view that justice is the interest of the stronger. Meanwhile Plato`s emphasis seems to rest upon temperance and harmony. Desires are most fruitful sources of war and troubles. But in a just state there will be a competence not to hold office. Simplicity is another important principle of Plato in his just state. Simplicity is the essential nature of God. Guardians are expected to manage a simple life. Plato`s demands are too rigid to be performed. His thought may be looked upon as too idealistic. Nevertheless his thoughts embrace significant suggestions. In view of his thought the situation of our country is quite dangerous. Those in power cried for and pursued for years so-called modernization. But as Plato pointed out, the wealth (though little compared with that of rich countries) which was gained through the sacrifice of precious blood in the Vietnamese War is rather immanent threat than strengthening the national power. There is no sense of identity among our people, or rather between the ruler and the ruled. The urgent problem of our country is to fill the gap between classes and restore the sense of identity. In this regard the writer urges political leaders to repent, as they committed many grave sins. They have no excuse because the unjustice and corruption in our society are so evident and the hatred of people toward the ruler is so violent. Without social justice no success is foreseen in contacts with North Koreans and in the rapidly changing political stage on the international level. A society, which makes all people live well and happy, is wished for.

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