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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국기독교학회 한국기독교신학논총 한국기독교신학논총 제92집
발행연도
2014.4
수록면
29 - 55 (27page)

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Sumerian laws include the Laws of Uru-inimgina, the Laws of Ur- Nammu, and the Law of Lipit-Ishtar. Divine right of kings is rooted in divine council in Sumerian legal traditions, Sumerian King Lists and royal successions of kings. Divine right of kings in the Bible is quite different from those of Sumerian legal tradition or 15?16 centuries in Europe, where despotic kings or emperors are not subject to any earthly authorities, claiming their prerogative rights directly from gods. However Biblical model of kingship points out sacrifice and care for others, establishing law and justice in the country. The Bible points out divine rule on the earth, which has been examplified in the Davidic covenant, securing kingship and descend- ants in the Old Testament. New Testament also laid out respect, duties and responsibilities for authorities set over by God based on the principle of separation of state and church. Spiritually every believer is called out for mission to live and love others by God as royal priesthood. The political concept of divine right of kings has casted a shadow of despotism in ancient world. However, the Bible enunciates that divine will for human civilization is progress for free democracy from despotism. Mesopotamian despotism was transferred to more demo- cratic Greek-Roman empires, and God interfered in the history of humanity through Exodus and the cross. There is still despotism at some parts of the world, similar politicalconcept of divine right of kings in Sumer. However, Sumerian divine right of kings has been on the way to freedom, equality, human rights, and quality of life through free democracy and constitutionalism, which is the tenor of human civilization.

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