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This article tries to investigate the missionary methods and educational mission policy of William Baird. Baird came to Korea in 1891 as a pioneer missionary to start mission stations in Pusan and Taegu. He then employed a few missionary methods such as itinerant preaching, Sarangbang evangelism, and tract distribution. The first American Presbyterian missionaries to Korea were confronted with a number of urgent matters regarding mission schools. Initially, they did not adhere to any concrete policy of educational mission. In 1896, the Northern Presbyterian mission commissioned Baird to be an educational advisor. He was given the opportunity to formulate an educational policy for the Northern Presbyterian Mission in Korea. The core element of Baird`s Educational Policy is as follows: institutions, like mission schools, hospitals, and orphanages, should not be started until the indigenous churches were established strongly in that mission field. He preferred the Christianizing method over the civilizing mission ideology. Baird also argued that tuition and any other expenses of a mission school should not be fully provided by the mission fund. Half of the tuition should be paid by the student, while the other half could be supported through mission money. This self-supporting policy was influenced by the so-called Nevius mission methods, which were adopted as the official policy of the Korea mission of the American Presbyterian Mission since 1891. Baird`s educational mission policy challenges us to reflect upon the modus operandi of the missionary work of our Korean missionaries abroad. Baird`s self-supporting educational mission policy became the catalyst for the fast-growing American Presbyterian Mission to Korea, thus paving the way for the healthy growth and solid development of the Korean mission schools and the early Korean churches.
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