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A Study on the Meaning of Dangun and Wanggum in the Myth of Old Chosun
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단순신화의 단군 왕검의 고의 (古義) 연구

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Type
Academic journal
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Journal
Korean Association Of Christian Studies Korean Journal of Christian Studies Vol.17 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2000.6
Pages
343 - 371 (29page)

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A Study on the Meaning of Dangun and Wanggum in the Myth of Old Chosun
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Recently, in South-Korea a private organization(韓民族文化協會) erected Statue of Dangun(檀君), written as the founder of the Old Korea in the History of Three Conturies(三國遺事), in the many public places as elementary or middle school. On the ground of Second Commandment, most of Korean churches, including the Korean National Council of Churches, raised against the statue as a kind of idol worship. Also, It was reported that in North-Korea, Dangun Tomb were rediscovered and rebuilt in 1993 at Pyungyang. Since 1963 North Korean scholars have denied Dangun as mythological fiction. But recently they consist that as historical person Dangun founded the Old Korea in Pyu ngyang, threrfore Pyungyang must be the center of reunification of the Korean Peninsula. It has been argued whether the Myth of Dangun is only a mythological fiction or historical fact. Korean confucian scholars, colonialistic historians and modern positivist historians mainly regard it as a fiction. But many religious organizations which worship Dangun as nation father insist Dangun is a historical person. The purpose of this study is to research the meaning of Dangun and Wanggum. Because they were old Korean but were transmitted as translated Chinese, so the original meaning was argued. 1. original meaning of Dangun may he the title of God-Man(神人 or 大倧) or Heavenly King(天君) or Shaman Priest-King(巫君). 2. original meaning of Wanggum may he the title of King`s City(王都) or Earthly King(主神), or King(임금) or Taoist Hermit(仙人). 3. It is certain that Dangun and Wanggum is not a proper noun and a name of historical person, but a title of the king or priest-king in the ancient Korea as Egyptian Pharao. 4. Therefore several Dangun were appeared in Korean history in Kyuwon Hisorical Story(『撥園史話』), Old History of Han-Dan (桓檀古記) etc. 5. There is no archaeological remains of Dangun as a Person. It`s written materials also appeared after 13C. A.D. But, It must he disregarded the purpose of enforcing the identity of the nation implied in the Dangun Myth. In spite of that, it is dangerous that historicity of Dangun is grounded on an unofficial historical story without historical evidence. In Conclusion, because Dangun is a name of the title, Dangun Statue of South Korea is a religious distortion of Dangun Myth. And Dangun Tomb of North Korea is a political distortion of it.

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