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공학 일반 건축공학 기계공학 산업공학 재료·에너지공학 전기전자공학 조선해양공학 화학공학 컴퓨터학 기타공학
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학제간연구 과학기술학 뇌인지과학 기술정책 기타 복합학

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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국사회체육학회 한국사회체육학회지 한국사회체육학회지 제4권
발행연도
1995.12
수록면
75 - 86 (12page)

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초록· 키워드

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What is leisure? The question is simple enough, but the answer is complex. Traditionally, definitions of leisure have been categorized into three groups: time, activity, and state of mind. More recent developments suggest the appropriateness of regrouping these into three major paradigms of leisure: objective and subjective paradigms. He labels the "time" and "activity" approaches "objective," because criteria external to the experience of the individual can be used to determine what is and what is not leisure. In contrast, the state of mind approach is labeled "subjective" because, under that model, what is and what is not leisure depends upon the perceptions and interpreta ions of the individual. Further, a "dispositional" approach may be identified which focuses more on characteristics of people`s personalities rather than on discrete events and activities. Whether analyzed from the objective, subjective, or dispositional perspectives, it is evident that leisure remains an elusive and abstract concept. Nevertheless, many attempts have been made to define what leisure is, with each position adding unique implications to understanding the role of leisure in people`s lives as well as adding different perspectives on leisure service planning, delivery, and evaluation. This study is intended to help "make the abstract more concrete" by describing objective, subjective, and dispositional paradigms of leisure and summarizing major efforts to actually quantify leisure within each paradigm. The conceptualizations and operationalizations described in this paper suggest that progress has been made in moving our understanding of leisure from a social philosophy and social empiricism to social analysis. The described approaches differ from what Ellis has termed the "classical" or "recent" theories becauss they are more universally applicable, lend themselves more easily to operationalization, and to date have led to instruments that produce more valid data. The various approaches have also produced instrumentation that has potential for helping to determine the effectiveness of public and private agency leisure services. Instrumentation that is capable of measuring the leisure state of mind of participants prior to, during or after participation could help supply more effective measures of program success than attendance counts. Although these approaches and methods are still of the "first generation" variety, they do show much potential. They enable us to move far beyond attitude and interest inventories or philosophic pronouncements about the avowed benefits of the leisure experience. Our task in the future is to continue to sharpen our conceptualization of leisure followed by even more sophisticated attempts to operationalize developed theory. Until the concept of leisure is brought into sharper focus and sufficiently operationalizec so as to provide valid measurement tools, our ability to understand the central phenomenon we are dealing with, and our ability to ascertain if leisure is the benefit that we presume it to be, will be severely impaired.

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