다산은 그의 저작 『논어고금주』에서 중국 학자들의 역대 주석과 함께 당시 이단異端으로 취급받던 일본 고학파古學派의 학설을 200회 이상 인용하였다. 고학파와의 학문적 연관성을 규명하는 것은 다산 학술 해석에 또 하나의 길을 개척한 셈으로 이후 고학파와 다산의 경학 및 경세학등을 비교하는 연구방법론은 실학 혹은 반주자학이라는 유사성을 기반으로 활발하게 진행되었다. 본고는 정다산丁茶山과 일본의 고학파 오규소라이[荻生?徠]가 국내연구에서 어떤 차원에서 논의되었으며 현재까지 어떤 성과를 거두었는가를 검토하기 위해 작성되었다. 검토결과 국내연구의 주요 테마는 ? 경학經學: 다산ㆍ주자ㆍ소라이ㆍ대진戴震 등의 다자간 사서四書 주석註釋 비교 연구→인仁ㆍ인성人性ㆍ도道 등의 각론으로의 확장 ?경세학經世學: 18세기 교류사 사상사에 있어서의 다산의 실학實學과 소라이의 고학古學의 의의 및 성격 규정 등, 크게 두 개의 범주에서 논의되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 다산과 소라이를 둘러싼 담론은 여전히 복고와 보수, 혹은 근대와 진보라는 이중적 외피를 입고 2014년 현재, 한일 양국 모두 현재진행중이다. 고학과 실학이라는 명명에 근대에 대한 강박적 시선이 있었다는 사실 역시 부인할 수 없다. 지금쯤 우리는 다산을 혹은 오규 소라이를, 인간적ㆍ학문적ㆍ시대적 한계와 제약을 지닌 한 인간으로 돌려놓고 그의 사상과 시대를 논해도 좋을 시점에 있다고 생각한다.
Studies from the Kogaku school that were best represented by three scholars, Jinsai, Sorai and Shundai all of whom lived in the period of Tokugawa Shogunate were introduced to Joseon via the country’s governmental delegation, which was dispatched to Japan three times in he 18th century, as those studies were praised as ‘distinguishable Confucianism’ on one hand and criticized as ‘heterodoxy’ on the other hand. Dasan, the then great scholar of Joseon quoted annotations from Chinese scholars and arguments from the three scholars of the Kogaku school more than 200 times in his life-time masterpiece ?Nonneo Gogeumju?. This was an epoch-making beyond scholastic mainstreams of that time. Such characteristics found in ?Nonneo Gogeumju? provided a new approach to the scholarship of Dasan. Since then, there were lots of comparative researches on the above three Japanese scholars’ and Dasan’s studies of Confucian classics and Managing a State or a World on the basis of similarities shared by those studies, especially pragmatism or an ti-Sung-Confucianism. This study had the purpose of examining ways in which previous local researches considered studies by Dasan and Ogyu Sorai of the Kogaku school and accomplishments that were made from the consideration. The examination found that the previous studies largely had two focuses, ? the study of Confucian classics: comparative researches on annotations attached by Dasan, Zhu-zi, Sorai and Dai-zhen to the Four Books and then their discussions regarding benevolence, human nature and the way and ? the study of Managing a State or a World : the meaning and significance of Dasan’s pragmatic studies and Sorai’s studies of Kogaku in the history of exchanges and thoughts in the 18th century. Discourses on Dasan and Sorai are underway in both Korea and Japan as of 2014 while they are still influenced by dichotomy between restoration and conservativeness or between modernity and progressiveness. Here, it’s undeniable that the sticking to modernity rather forced the two scholars’ studies to be respectively named pragmatic and Kogaku. This researcher thinks it’s time to discuss Dasan or Sorai in terms of his thoughts and times as we recognize that he was a figure who had limitations as a human being and who was under restrictions levied by scholarship itself and his times.