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The Social Contract argued against the idea that monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate; as Rousseau asserts, only the people, who are sovereign, have that all-powerful right. The heart of the idea of the social contract may be stated simply: each of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole.
It is to subordinate one"s private will to general will of community, which promotes patriotism. Thus, to interpret Rousseau as a republican envisages a certain kind of person whose identity is predicated on the collective value of community and who is incorporated into the community strongly.
We cannot deny the strong political community that Rousseau draws. It is, however, in the intimate society that one can preserve the individuality. With the public and political community, Rousseau also concerns the private one. Another point the author chose to make, was the belief that when the government exceeds the boundaries set in place by the people, it is the mission of the people to abolish such government, and begin anew. For Rousseau, the means to abolish the government is to call a regular meeting of the all people and only to decide there to change the government or the political system. The change of political system means a sort of social revolution. However, his method of the social revolution was not the violent social revolution but the decision by the people at the regular meeting. He suggested to educate the people to make them give priority to the collective interest in case of the denial of the decision of the meeting by the government or the monarch. In fact, it is almost impossible to educate a king to make him give priority to the collective interest because it takes long time to change an adult by the education. In this respect, the social contract thought of Rousseau was remote from the reality of the absolute monarchy in France.
It is to subordinate one"s private will to general will of community, which promotes patriotism. Thus, to interpret Rousseau as a republican envisages a certain kind of person whose identity is predicated on the collective value of community and who is incorporated into the community strongly.
We cannot deny the strong political community that Rousseau draws. It is, however, in the intimate society that one can preserve the individuality. With the public and political community, Rousseau also concerns the private one. Another point the author chose to make, was the belief that when the government exceeds the boundaries set in place by the people, it is the mission of the people to abolish such government, and begin anew. For Rousseau, the means to abolish the government is to call a regular meeting of the all people and only to decide there to change the government or the political system. The change of political system means a sort of social revolution. However, his method of the social revolution was not the violent social revolution but the decision by the people at the regular meeting. He suggested to educate the people to make them give priority to the collective interest in case of the denial of the decision of the meeting by the government or the monarch. In fact, it is almost impossible to educate a king to make him give priority to the collective interest because it takes long time to change an adult by the education. In this respect, the social contract thought of Rousseau was remote from the reality of the absolute monarchy in France.
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【국문초록】
1. 서론
2. 사회계약을 통한 정치공동체의 형성과 입법
3. 사회계약의 체결 이후 공동체이익의 침해와 그 대책
4. 결론
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